Processes of extracting mineral deposits in ore include treating a saline source, e.g., seawater, to reduce a concentration of one or more multivalent ions (e.g., Ca.sup.2+, Mg.sup.2+, SO.sub.4.sup.2−) dissolved in the saline source by passing the seawater through one or more nanofilters to produce treated saline water while maintain a certain concentration of dissolved monovalent ions (e.g., (Na.sup.+, K.sup.+ and Cl.sup.−) in the treated saline water. The treated saline water can be used in an operation to extract minerals from ore such as in a flotation operation to extract minerals from ore, or to consolidate tailings generated from an extraction of minerals from ore, or both.

A method for making a titania-polymer nanocomposite by simultaneously forming TiO.sub.2 nanoparticles in situ from a TiO.sub.2 precursor in the presence of urea and interfacially polymerizing polyamide precursors thereby producing a titania-polymer nanocomposite. A titania-polymer nanocomposite made by this method. A method for removing a dye or metal from water comprising contacting contaminated water with the titania-polymer nanocomposite.

A digital twin model based operation and optimization of a reverse osmosis plant uses a data processing system to receive data for a reverse osmosis membrane in a plant that with a plurality of assets. The data processing system can determine a level of performance of the membrane based on the data for the membrane input into a model generated with sa topology indicative of one or more relationships and a flow path between the plurality of assets, predict, based on the model and responsive to the level of performance input into an optimization function for the plant, a time at which the level of performance degrades below a threshold, and provide an indication of the time at which the level of performance degrades below the threshold predicted using the optimization function to cause servicing of the membrane used to process the fluid at the plant.

Methods for treating phosphogypsum-containing water are disclosed. The water may be treated so as to promote precipitation of one or more target constituents and to facilitate downstream membrane treatment. A coagulant may be added to promote phosphate recovery. Ammonia may optionally be removed. Related systems are also disclosed.

The bottling system herein provides for dispensing water with added ingredients into a container. The bottling system includes a distillation station for distilling a flow of the water, an ionization station for raising the pH of the flow of water, one or more ingredient injection stations to add the ingredients into the flow of water, and a filling station for filling the container with the flow of water with the added ingredients.

A wastewater treatment equipment and a treatment method of a wastewater are provided. The wastewater treatment equipment includes: a microfiltration unit, configured to receive and filter a wastewater to obtain a solution; a membrane salt separation unit, configured to receive the solution and separate monovalent ions and multivalent ions from the solution to obtain a first solution including the monovalent ions and a second solution including the multivalent ions; a first evaporative crystallization unit, configured to crystallize the first solution to form a monovalent salt; and a second evaporative crystallization unit, configured to crystallize the second solution to form a mixed salt; the microfiltration unit is connected to the membrane salt separation unit, and the first evaporative crystallization unit and the second evaporative crystallization unit are both directly connected to the membrane salt separation unit, the wastewater treatment equipment can achieve the standard discharge of wastewater.

The present disclosure is directed to filtering technologies that combine elements of continuous and batch NF/RO based on the constraints of the end-user facility to achieve a target balance between, for instance, recovery and power consumption, and to reduce long term operating cost of a plant. A method for extending batch operation into a second induction period with antiscalant injection is also disclosed herein, with the second induction period allowing for yet higher water recovery.

A dual-purpose household water purifier includes a main unit and an expansion unit which can be detachably connected. When the main unit is connected with the expansion unit, a booster pump can pressurize tap water entering a filter assembly. In the dual-purpose household water purifier, the main unit can be used as a non-electric drive water purifier. After the tap water enters the filter assembly and is filtered. The purified water flows into the purified water chamber of the pressure bucket, and the user takes the purified water. It is further provided an expansion unit. When the main unit is connected to the expansion unit, the booster pump can pressurize the pipeline, reducing application environmental restrictions on the water purifier. Through arrangement of the expansion unit, the water purifier can be operated in two operation modes of non-electric drive mode and electric drive mode.

Embodiments described herein relate to porous materials that may be employed in various filtration, purification, and/or separation applications. In some cases, the porous materials may be thin, flexible, and fabricated with control over average pore size and/or the spatial distribution of pores. Such porous materials may be useful in, for example, desalination.

The present invention relates to a method for recovering a rare metal salt, the method including: an acid treatment step of obtaining a rare metal-containing acidic aqueous solution by bringing a material including a monovalent rare metal and a polyvalent rare metal into contact with an acidic aqueous solution; a separation step of obtaining permeated water including the monovalent rare metal and non-permeated water including the polyvalent rare metal from the rare metal-containing acidic aqueous solution by using a nanofiltration membrane satisfying the condition (1); and a concentration step of obtaining non-permeated water having a higher concentration of the monovalent rare metal and permeated water having a lower concentration of the monovalent rare metal than that of the permeated water in the separation step, by using a reverse osmosis membrane.