A method of removing contaminants from an aqueous material, the method comprising the steps of: providing an aqueous material comprising one or more non-particulate contaminants; and filtering the aqueous material to remove at least part of the one or more non-particulate contaminants to form a recovered portion of the aqueous material in which the amount of contaminant is reduced to an amount allowing re-use of the recovered portion of the aqueous material, wherein filtering the aqueous material includes passing the aqueous material across a partially permeable membrane at a temperature higher than 50° C.

A method of separating and recovering a cobalt salt and a nickel salt includes a separation step of separating, by using a nanofiltration membrane, a cobalt salt and a nickel salt from a rare metal-containing aqueous solution containing at least both the cobalt salt and the nickel salt as rare metals, in which the nanofiltration membrane has a glucose permeability of 3 times or more a sucrose permeability, the sucrose permeability of 10% or less, and an isopropyl alcohol permeability of 50% or more when a 1,000 mg/L glucose aqueous solution, a 1,000 mg/L sucrose aqueous solution, and a 1,000 mg/L isopropyl alcohol aqueous solution, each having a pH of 6.5 and a temperature of 25° C., individually permeate through the nanofiltration membrane at an operating pressure of 0.5 MPa.

A filter medium of the present invention includes a porous carbon material having a value of a specific surface area by a nitrogen BET method of 1×10.sup.2 m.sup.2/g or more, a volume of fine pores by a BJH method of 0.3 cm.sup.3/g or more, and a particle size of 75 μm or more, alternatively, a porous carbon material having a value of a specific surface area by a nitrogen BET method of 1×10.sup.2 m.sup.2/g or more, a total of volumes of fine pores having a diameter of from 1×10.sup.−9 m to 5×10.sup.−7 m, obtained by a non-localized density functional theory method, of 1.0 cm.sup.3/g or more, and a particle size of 75 μm or more.

A method and system of providing ultrapure water for semiconductor fabrication operations is provided. The water is treated by utilizing a free radical scavenging system. The free radical scavenging system can utilize actinic radiation with a free radical precursor compound, such as ammonium persulfate. The ultrapure water may be further treated by utilizing ion exchange media and degasification apparatus. A control system can be utilized to regulate a continuously variable intensity of the actinic radiation.

A method and system of removing environmental contaminants from water comprising adding a fatty chemical to form a mixture with the water in which the fatty chemical and the environmental contaminants complex to form molecular complexes. The mixture is then filtered to remove the molecular complexes from the water.

A future state of a separation membrane is inferred to perform a stable membrane filtration operation. A learning model generation device (1) includes: an input data acquisition section (21) configured to acquire input data derived from operation data that is measured during a membrane filtration operation, the operation data including a membrane filtration pressure and a diffused air volume; and a learning section (13) configured to generate a learning model (31) for inferring the state of the separation membrane, by means of machine learning using the acquired input data as an input.

Disclosed is a system and method for cooperatively treating water and gas to reduce pollutants and carbon emission. The system includes a flue gas pre-treatment unit, a wastewater pre-treatment unit, a gas-water cooperative cleaning unit, a remaining water treatment unit, and a circulating cooling evaporation unit.

A recycling system includes a reaction kettle, a stirring device, and an electromagnetic device. The reaction kettle is provided with a liquid inlet, a gas inlet, a liquid outlet, and a slag discharge port. The stirring device is arranged on the reaction kettle. The stirring device includes a stirring rod and at least one stirring paddle. One end of the stirring rod extends into the reaction kettle, and the at least one stirring paddle is arranged on the end of the stirring rod. The electromagnetic device includes a first electromagnetic coil, and the first electromagnetic coil is wound on an outer circumferential surface of the reaction kettle. The arrangement of the stirring device allows the geothermal water to fully contact with the gas, which is conducive for the suspension of the ferroferric oxide in the geothermal water.

A chemical dosing optimization apparatus includes a chemical dosing optimization part and a chemical dosing output control part, wherein the chemical dosing optimization part receives real-time data at least from a water treatment plant treating feed water by dosing a chemical and providing a treated water, analyzes the real-time data through a water treatment model in response to receiving the real-time data, derives a prediction value for predicting a state of the treated water of the water treatment plant, and derives a control value based on the prediction value through a controller, such that the control value is to set a minimum of a chemical dosage to be dosed in the feed water while the state of the treated water of the water treatment plant is maintained in a normal range, and wherein the chemical dosing output control part provides the control value to a water treatment control device.

An apparatus for controlling chemical dosing optimization in a water treatment plant treating feed water includes: a control value derivation part configured to receive real-time data, analyze the real-time data through a water treatment model and a controller in response to receiving the real-time data, and calculate a control value, such that the control value is to set a minimum of a chemical dosage while maintaining a state of treated water of the water treatment plant in a normal range, the water treatment model simulating the water treatment plant and the controller being an optimization algorithm; and a chemical dosing output control part configured to provide the control value to a water treatment control device.