The present invention relates to a process for forming or obtaining vivianite in or from a phosphorus-containing waterbody, sediment and/or sludge, to an apparatus for obtaining vivianite from a phosphorus-containing waterbody, sediment and/or sludge, and to the use of a composition comprising at least one alkaline earth metal peroxide and a magnetic separating apparatus for obtaining vivianite from a phosphorus-containing waterbody, sediment and/or sludge.

A method and system is provided for treating waste generated from manufacturing operations including at least one of Printed Circuit Boards Fabrication (PCB FAB), General Metal Finishing (GMF), semiconductors manufacturing, chemical milling, and Physical Vapour Deposition (PVD). The method and system are used to create zero liquid discharge recycling.

A method for desalination is provided. An electric potential difference is applied across a saline solution, where a salinity of the saline solution is in a range of 2.5 to 7.8 parts per thousand. The saline solution is separated, using electrodialysis, into a concentrated saline solution and a first diluate. The concentrated saline solution is transferred to a reverse osmosis chamber. The concentrated saline solution is pumped through a partially permeable membrane, thereby removing salt ions from the concentrated saline solution, and creating a second diluate and a brine solution. A pressure of the solution is then increased, using a pressure exchanger, by transferring water pressure from the brine solution to the concentrated saline solution. The first diluate and the second diluate are combined, where a first recovery ratio of the first diluate is greater than a second recovery ratio of the second diluate.

A capacitive deionization process is provided. The capacitive deionization process includes a charging step of applying power to a capacitive deionization apparatus in a charging state and supplying charge water containing target dissolved ions to be precipitated to the capacitive deionization apparatus for a predetermined period of time, a discharging step of applying power to the capacitive deionization apparatus in a discharging state and supplying discharge water in which the target dissolved ions are in a saturated state to the capacitive deionization apparatus for a predetermined period of time, and a crystal recovery step of recovering a crystal of the target dissolved ions precipitated in the capacitive deionization apparatus and/or the discharge water.

A method of treating a waste liquid: an aluminum dissolution step of dissolving aluminum in an acidic waste liquid and performing separation into a first treated water and a reduced heavy metal precipitate; a gypsum recovery step of adding a calcium compound to the first treated water at a pH of 4 or less, and performing separation into a second treated water and gypsum; a heavy metal coprecipitation step of adding a ferric compound to the second treated water and performing separation into a third treated water and a heavy metal coprecipitate; an aluminum and fluorine removal step of adding an alkali to the third treated water and performing separation into a fourth treated water and a precipitate containing aluminum and fluorine; and a neutralization step of adding an alkali to the fourth treated water and performing separation into an alkali neutralization treated water and a neutralized heavy metal hydroxide.

This invention relates to treated geothermal brine compositions containing reduced concentrations of lithium, iron and silica compared to the untreated brines. Exemplary compositions contain concentration of lithium ranges from 0 to 200 mg/kg, concentration of silica ranges from 0 to 30 mg/kg, concentration of iron ranges from 0 to 300 mg/kg. Exemplary compositions also contain reduced concentrations of elements like arsenic, barium, and lead.

The invention relates to a generator and its operation and use for generating toroidal and spatial vortices in a liquid. It comprises a rotationally symmetrical stator housing with an inlet opening and an eccentric outlet opening. It further comprises a rotor rotatably arranged in the stator housing with radially outwardly extending channels in constant fluid connection to the inlet opening. The rotor comprises a rotor disc, radially outside of the rotor with a side surface with inner notches in fluid connection to the rotor channels. The stator housing comprises a stator disc comprising a side surface with stator notches. When these notches face each other due to rotation of the rotor disc, a periodical liquid flow from the inner notches to the stator notches is formed and toroidal vortices are generated in the portioned liquid by shear stress as the portions of liquid move back and forth in the notches.

A method and system is provided for treating waste generated from manufacturing operations including at least one of Printed Circuit Boards Fabrication (PCB FAB), General Metal Finishing (GMF), semiconductors manufacturing, chemical milling, and Physical Vapour Deposition (PVD). The method and system are used to create zero liquid discharge recycling.

The disclosure provides a repairing material for emergency treatment of a black and odorous surface water environment and its preparation method, belonging to the fields of environmental science and engineering technology. The preparation method of the disclosure specifically includes the following steps: (1) uniformly stirring activated carbon, calcium chloride, ammonia water solution, polyethylene glycol and water in a stirrer, then dropwise adding hydrogen peroxide, and after the completion of the dropwise adding, obtaining a calcium peroxide repairing material solution; (2) adding a sodium hydroxide solution to the calcium peroxide repairing material solution obtained in step (1) until a pH reaches 11.5, thereby obtaining a suspension; (3) centrifuging the suspension in step (2) to obtain a solid; and (4) washing the solid in step (3) with distilled water until a final pH of residual water reaches 8.4, and then drying the obtained precipitate to obtain the repairing material. The repairing material of the disclosure has good treatment effect and high efficiency.

Zero liquid discharge systems, processes, and techniques for treating a saltwater without evaporative crystallization. The saltwater is treated by a fluidic circuit comprising a high-pressure reverse osmosis (“HPRO”) unit configured to operate at a hydraulic pressure of at least 1,500 psi, a cooling crystallizer, and a solids-liquid separator. The saltwater is first concentrated by the HPRO unit to produce an HPRO brine, which is subsequently cooled to a designated crystallization temperature by the cooling crystallizer. The cooling crystallizer crystallizes salt crystals from the cooled HPRO brine and produces a salt-diminished brine. The solids-liquid separator separates the salt-diminished brine from the salt crystals. The salt-diminished brine from the solids-liquid separator is returned to the HPRO unit for further treatment, which allows additional salts to be crystallized from the returned salt-diminished brine.