Various embodiments relate to an acidic ferrate composition and methods of making ferrate. A method of forming ferrate includes treating an iron source with an oxidizer in an aqueous solution having a pH of less than 7 under conditions sufficient to form ferrate.

Disclosed are methods of treating wastewater using a membrane bioreactor and achieving a target phosphorus concentration for the membrane permeate stream. These methods include the steps of dosing a wastewater stream with a rare earth clarifying agent and passing the dosed wastewater stream through the membrane to obtain a membrane permeate stream with a permeate concentration that is less than the phosphorus concentration of the influent stream. This permeate concentration also can be equal to or less than a target phosphorus concentration. In the methods as disclosed herein, the rare earth clarifying agent can be chloride salts of one or more rare earth elements and in certain embodiments, the rare earth clarifying agent can be CeCl.sub.3 and LaCl.sub.3.

One aspect of the present invention is directed to a granular filter media for removing contaminants from water or other liquids. The media comprise granular materials comprising aggregate and remediation materials. Other aspects of the invention are directed to methods of making and using the granular filter media of the invention.

The present invention discloses a saline glycerine wastewater treatment system and technology. The whole technological process mainly includes a reaction process, an evaporation process, a crystallization process, a filtration process and a drying process. The present invention first proposes the use of an “ammonia-alkali reaction principle” to treat high-salt glycerine wastewater, which mainly solves the problem of treating a large amount of calcium chloride-containing glycerine wastewater produced in the production process of propylene oxide and epichlorohydrin in chlor-alkali industry, and places emphasis on solving the problems that low value-added calcium chloride produced in the wastewater treatment process of a traditional method has low quality, is basically accumulated as solid waste and is difficult to treat, and chloride ions have adverse effects on the biochemical process of wastewater treatment. By-products of high-quality calcium carbonate and ammonium chloride products have high economic benefits and social environmental protection benefits.

Disclosed herein is a method for removing contaminants from an industrial fluid waste. The method comprises the steps of ozofractionating the industrial fluid waste whereby contaminants are oxidised and a foam fractionate is formed; and separating at least a portion of the foam fractionate and any precipitate from the ozofractionated fluid.

The present invention relates to a method for recovering lithium from brine, and provides a method for recovering lithium from brine, the method comprising: (a) an impurity removal step of adding a carbonate supply source to brine including lithium, magnesium and calcium to precipitate and remove magnesium and calcium impurities; (b) a pH adjusting step of adding an acid to the brine from which the impurities have been removed, to adjust the pH of the brine; (c) a lithium-aluminum compound recovery step of adding an aluminum supply source to the pH-adjusted brine to recover a lithium-aluminum compound; (d) a lithium sulfate and aluminum oxide formation step of adding the lithium-aluminum compound to a sulfur supply source and calcining same to form lithium sulfate and aluminum oxide; and (e) a lithium sulfate solution yield step of selectively dissolving lithium sulfate from among the formed lithium sulfate and aluminum oxide to yield a lithium sulfate solution.

A method including reacting, at a jobsite, a total dissolved solids (TDS) water with a gas comprising carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2) in the presence of a proton-removing agent to produce a CO.sub.2-reduced gas and an aqueous product comprising water and a precipitate, wherein the TDS water comprises produced water, wherein the precipitate comprises one or more carbonates, and wherein the CO.sub.2-reduced gas comprises less CO.sub.2 than the gas comprising CO.sub.2; and separating at least a portion of the water from the aqueous product to provide a concentrated slurry of the precipitate and a TDS-reduced water, wherein the TDS-reduced water comprises less TDS than the TDS water.

According to some embodiments, a flocculated material, product and method for making the product are provided including providing a methanotrophic material having an amount of 2.68% Total Suspended Solids (TSS); treating the methanotrophic material with phosphoric acid; providing a lime solution in an amount of 0.0212 M; combining the treated methanotrophic material with the lime to increase a pH of the solution and to precipitate calcium phosphate; generating a flocculated material by flocculating the combined lime and treated methanotrophic material. Numerous other aspects are provided.

An enhanced coagulation method for removing microplastics in water is provided. First, a certain amount of inorganic suspended particles are added to microplastic wastewater to increase the number of particles and thereby improve a collision probability among the particles; and then a natural polymer flocculant and a polysilicic acid are added. The polysilicic acid is used as coagulant aid, so that the three materials can comprehensively achieve the purpose of removing the microplastics in the wastewater. The enhanced coagulation method can combine respective characteristics and advantages of the three materials, so that the three materials can mutually complement each other and give full play to the role of charge neutralization and bridging and net capturing, strengthen the sedimentation performance and enhance the actual microplastic removal effect. Therefore, it is a green and environmentally-friendly enhanced coagulation technology.

A real-time wastewater treatment and water quality monitoring system includes a plurality of wastewater treatment facilities configured to purify wastewater generated from semiconductor manufacturing lines, a plurality of contaminant analysis apparatuses configured to obtain and analyze a sample from effluent water discharged through discharge pipes of the wastewater treatment facilities respectively, discharge rate sensors installed in the discharge pipes respectively, and an integrated monitoring apparatus configured to receive measurement result values from the contaminant analysis apparatuses and the discharge rate sensors and monitor in real time concentration of a contaminant in an entirety of the effluent water that is purified and discharged from the wastewater generated in the semiconductor manufacturing lines.