An enhanced coagulation method for removing microplastics in water is provided. First, a certain amount of inorganic suspended particles are added to microplastic wastewater to increase the number of particles and thereby improve a collision probability among the particles; and then a natural polymer flocculant and a polysilicic acid are added. The polysilicic acid is used as coagulant aid, so that the three materials can comprehensively achieve the purpose of removing the microplastics in the wastewater. The enhanced coagulation method can combine respective characteristics and advantages of the three materials, so that the three materials can mutually complement each other and give full play to the role of charge neutralization and bridging and net capturing, strengthen the sedimentation performance and enhance the actual microplastic removal effect. Therefore, it is a green and environmentally-friendly enhanced coagulation technology.

The present application discloses a Bacillus sp. producing a bioflocculant and a biosurfactant. The microbial classification of the Bacillus sp. is named Bacillus sp. SS15, which has been preserved in China Center for Type Culture Collection on Mar. 29, 2021, and its preservation number is CCTCC M2021295; the 16S rRNA sequence of SS15 is shown as SEQ ID NO.1. Bacillus sp. SS15 obtained by the present application has the function of simultaneously producing a bioflocculant and a biosurfactant. The bioflocculant and biosurfactant produced by Bacillus sp. SS15 of the present application not only have high activity, but also show strong tolerance in the ranges of pH (2-12), temperature (4° C.-100° C.) and salinity (0-100 g/L). Meanwhile, they can be applied to the remediation of a fracturing flowback liquid and can effectively promote the removal of chroma, suspended solids, COD, n-alkanes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons at the same time.

“VINASSE TREATMENT PROCESS BY FLOTATION IN FLOW”, more precisely, it is a vinasse treatment process, by high performance flowing flotation system in industrial plants' facilities, resulting in obtaining concentrated vinasse sludge and treated vinasse, being said process comprised by vinasse treatment, which consists of treatment steps performed inside flotation tank, which comprises succession of coagulation systems and basins, flocculation, combined with aeration and oxygenation, in addition to a system of nano and micro bubbles in flotation basin, in which vinasse naturally flows into its storage tank, being said process results in formation of surface sludge and treated vinasse.

A recombinant Moringa oleifera coagulant protein (MO) produced and secreted by Bacillus has coagulation/flocculation activity. The MO protein and the Bacillus host cells expressing the MO protein can be used in compositions and methods for treating contaminated water, such as drinking water or waste water. The MO protein can coagulate or flocculate suspended solid impurities in the water, which can then be removed.

A method of water treatment includes providing water that includes at least one contaminant. An effective amount of at least one filter media is added to the to the water that includes at least one contaminant. The water and the at least one filter media are agitated to form a homogeneous mixture. A cationic biopolymer is added to the homogeneous mixture of water and the at least one filter media. The water is separated from the at least one contaminant and the at least one filter media.

A process for the treatment of contaminated water includes contacting the contaminated water with a cryptocrystalline magnesite-bentonite clay composite thereby to remove one or more contaminants from the water. The invention extends to a method for the manufacture of a cryptocrystalline magnesite-bentonite clay composite wherein an admixture of cryptocrystalline magnesite and bentonite clay is milled to a desired particle size with amorphization of the magnesite and bentonite clay in the resultant cryptocrystalline magnesite-bentonite clay composite, and to a cryptocrystalline magnesite-bentonite clay composite.

Methods of modifying renewable protein sources and uses thereof are provided. In some embodiments, renewable protein sources can be modified to become a flocculant and/or coagulant through the use of a hydrolysis process. Further modifications can be performed in order to enhance the flocculant/coagulant ability of the modified protein material. Such modified protein material can be used to coagulate and/or flocculate waste water colloidal suspensions, either alone or in combination with a coagulant, by mixing the modified protein material with waste water colloidal suspensions to create a mixture and allowing mixture to settle. In some embodiments, the waste water colloidal suspension can be mature fine tailings (MFT).

Disclosed is a method for thickening or dehydrating sludge, which includes at least: a) a step of adding flocculants to the sludge to be treated; b) a step of flocculation by agitation of the sludge with the flocculants thus added in order to form a mixture of flocks and an aqueous solution; c) a step of mechanical separation of the flocks and the aqueous solution formed during the preceding step; d) a step of recovering the aqueous solution and the flocks that make up a treated sludge; wherein: the added flocculants are made up of at least one cationic starch (S) and at least one cationic polyacrylamide (P); the cationic starch or starches (S) including a fixed weight percentage of nitrogen of at least 2%; and the weight ratio (R) w.sub.s/(w.sub.s+w.sub.p), expressed as solids, is included between 0.6 and 0.99.

Potable drinking water is plagued with widespread arsenic contamination, particularly in developing communities. Ferric ions were introduced to interact with arsenate based on the strong affinity of arsenate for ferric hydroxides, followed by mucilage addition. The mucilage coagulated and flocculated the ferric-arsenate complex and formed visible flocs that settled at the bottom of the tubes. The system showed 75-96% arsenate removal in 1 hour, while longer retention times showed 100% removal. The role of the mucilage was demonstrated by untreated solutions showing no concentration difference and remaining stable for more than 15 days. This mucilage-based technology has the potential to be a relatively inexpensive, environmentally sustainable alternative to synthetic polymer flocculants for removing arsenic from drinking water.

Provided are a composition containing as active ingredients thereof Bacillus subtilis strain BN1001 (deposit number: FERM P-11132) and Bacillus subtilis var. natto, a wastewater treatment system provided with a biological treatment tank that biologically treats wastewater wherein the Bacillus subtilis strain BN1001 and Bacillus subtilis var. natto are contained in the biological treatment tank, a wastewater treating method that biologically treats wastewater comprising a step for adding the Bacillus subtilis strain BN1001 and Bacillus subtilis var. natto to the wastewater, a deodorization method comprising a step for contacting the Bacillus subtilis strain BN1001 and Bacillus subtilis var. natto with a malodorous source, a support having Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus subtilis var. natto supported thereon, a wastewater treatment system wherein the support is contained in a biological treatment tank, a wastewater treating method comprising a step for adding the support to wastewater, and a batch water treating method wherein the support is contained in a biological treatment tank.