The present invention describes a method of capturing a fluorinated carbon compound located within a liquid, the method comprising contacting the fluorinated carbon compound with a block copolymer having a backbone comprising a hydrophilic block and a fluoropolyether block, wherein the fluorinated carbon compound binds to and is captured by the block copolymer.

A synthesis method of an indole derivative capable of efficiently degrading a perfluorinated compound (PFC) and a use of the indole derivative are provided. The synthesis method includes dissolving an appropriate amount of indole, alkylamine, and formaldehyde in an ethanol solution, conducting a reaction at reflux under suitable conditions for a specified period of time with ZnCl.sub.2 or glacial acetic acid as a catalyst to form a reaction product, vacuum-drying the reaction product, and purifying the reaction product through column chromatography to obtain a novel indole derivative with a hydrophobic alkyl branch. The present indole derivative has some hydrophobicity and a positively charged amino group that can effectively capture PFCs in contaminated water to produce a sub-nanoscale self-assembled aggregate. Hydrated electrons generated by light irradiation can directly attack PFCs in the aggregate without long-distance mass transfer, improving the utilization rate of hydrated electrons and reduces the ratio of fed materials.

An electrochemical contaminant remediation system includes a conditioning tank and a flow-through electrochemical reactor. The flow-through electrochemical reactor includes a housing having an internal liquid flow-path. A first electrode is disposed within the internal liquid flow path. A second electrode is spaced apart from the flow-through or solid first electrode, thereby creating an electroactive gap between the flow-through or solid first electrode and the second electrode.

Materials for binding per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are disclosed. A fluidic device comprising the materials for detection and quantification of PFAS in a sample is disclosed. The fluidic device may be configured for multiplexed analyses. Also disclosed are methods for sorbing and remediating PFAS in a sample. The sample may be groundwater containing, or suspected of containing, one or more PFAS.

Materials for binding per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are disclosed. A fluidic device comprising the materials for detection and quantification of PFAS in a sample is disclosed. The fluidic device may be configured for multiplexed analyses. Also disclosed are methods for sorbing and remediating PFAS in a sample. The sample may be groundwater containing, or suspected of containing, one or more PFAS.

Apparatus and methods for a non-destructive recovery of PFAS contaminants from a variety of media, the apparatus including 1) a polarity conversion unit for non-destructive PFAS removal from soil, sludges, filter media, and objects; 2) a brine pot evaporator for recovering PFAS from foams and fluids; 3) a fluids treatment system for PFAS removal from treated fluids; and 4) an amphiphilic decontamination wand for PFAS removal from hard surfaces.

A calcium fluoride precipitation inhibitor is added to waste water containing sulfuric acid, fluorine (fluoride ions and hydrogen fluoride) and heavy metal ions to generate pretreated water. A calcium compound is added to the pretreated water to generate a first insolubilized product at a pH of less than 5, followed by solid-liquid separation. A calcium compound is added to a first separated water after the solid-liquid separation to generate a second insolubilized product at a pH of 3 to 7 (provided that the pH is a pH higher than in the first reaction step), followed by solid-liquid separation. An alkali is added to a second separated water after the solid-liquid separation to give a pH of 8 or more, thereby generating a third insolubilized product, followed by solid-liquid separation.

A process for extracting fluoride from a solution of high pH comprising more than 0.1 mol of alkaline hydroxide and/or alcoholate per liter dissolved in a polar solvent is described. The polar solvent is chosen from water, lower alcohols, and mixtures thereof. The process is characterized in that the solution liquid is contacted with a solid phase adsorbent chosen from a) alkaline earth salts comprising carbonate anions, oxo anions, sulphate anions, or phosphate anions, and alkaline earth salts comprising a mixture of such anions or a mixture of such anions with hydroxyl anions, and b) cation binding resins loaded with one or more 3-valent cations, chosen from 3-valent cations of Al, Ga, In, Fe, Cr, Sc, Y, La and lanthanoides.

Disclosed are methods, apparatuses and systems for the remediation of contaminated soils, groundwater, water, and/or waste using a combination of reagents. The disclosed methods may be used to treat various recalcitrant halogenated substances, such as perfluoroalkyls and polyfluoroalkyls. Particular combinations of reagents that may be used in the disclosed methods include but are not limited to: (1) persulfate, oxygen and ozone; (2) persulfate, salt, oxygen and ozone; (3) persulfate, phosphate, and/or oxygen; (4) persulfate, phosphate, oxygen and ozone; (5) persulfate, phosphate, salt and oxygen (6) persulfate, phosphate, salt, oxygen and ozone; (7) oxygen and salt; and (8) air and salt. The disclosed methods may include the transfer of contaminants from an aqueous phase to a foam prior to the destruction of the contaminants.

A method of treating a waste liquid includes: an aluminum dissolution step of dissolving aluminum in an acidic waste liquid and performing separation into a first treated water and a reduced heavy metal precipitate; a gypsum recovery step of adding a calcium compound to the first treated water at a liquid property of a pH of 4 or less, and performing separation into a second treated water and gypsum; an aluminum and fluorine removal step of adding an alkali to the second treated water and performing separation into a third treated water and a precipitate containing aluminum and fluorine; and a neutralization step of adding an alkali to the third treated water and performing separation into an alkali neutralization treated water and a neutralized precipitate of a heavy metal hydroxide.