The present invention provides a method for removing a heavy metal from a water body, including the following steps: mixing a soluble permanganate with a water body containing heavy metal, and performing an oxidation-adsorption reaction under a light irradiation condition. The present invention does not require additional addition of other catalysts, but utilizes light to photo-decompose the permanganate to produce an active manganese substance (for example, Mn (V) and Mn (III)), a hydroxyl radical (.OH), and a stable colloidal manganese oxide having rich surface hydroxyl groups and a large specific surface area. These active substances can promote the release of an organic heavy metal into an inorganic heavy metal ion by oxidation; they can also promote the adsorption of the colloidal manganese oxide on the inorganic heavy metal ion; thus, the inorganic heavy metal and the organic heavy metal are removed from the water body.

The present invention provides a method for removing a heavy metal from a water body, including the following steps: mixing a soluble permanganate with a water body containing heavy metal, and performing an oxidation-adsorption reaction under a light irradiation condition. The present invention does not require additional addition of other catalysts, but utilizes light to photo-decompose the permanganate to produce an active manganese substance (for example, Mn (V) and Mn (III)), a hydroxyl radical (.OH), and a stable colloidal manganese oxide having rich surface hydroxyl groups and a large specific surface area. These active substances can promote the release of an organic heavy metal into an inorganic heavy metal ion by oxidation; they can also promote the adsorption of the colloidal manganese oxide on the inorganic heavy metal ion; thus, the inorganic heavy metal and the organic heavy metal are removed from the water body.

The present application discloses a method of binding a metal ion in water. The method comprises contacting the water with a fraction of dissolved organic material (DOM) to form a complex between the DOM fraction and the metal ion; and optionally separating the complex from the water. The present application also discloses a use of DOM for binding a metal ion in water.

The present application discloses a method of binding a metal ion in water. The method comprises contacting the water with a fraction of dissolved organic material (DOM) to form a complex between the DOM fraction and the metal ion; and optionally separating the complex from the water. The present application also discloses a use of DOM for binding a metal ion in water.

A compound heavy metal chelating agent, which relates to the field of chemical and environmental protection technology, includes dithiocarboxylate functionalized ethoxylated pentaerythritol core hyperbranched polymer and alkylene diamine-N,N-sodium bisdithiocarboxylate with a molar ratio in a range of 1:1.0 to 1:10.0. The two different structural types of components have the synergistic positive effect. While chelating heavy metals, the compound heavy metal chelating agent alternately combine with heavy metals to form insoluble chelating super-molecular deposits, which has both chelation and flocculation functions. The compound heavy metal chelating agent provided by the present invention is able to reach the standard for treating heavy metal wastewater, and especially low concentration heavy metal wastewater. It has a wide adaptability range, and does not need to add coagulant. Moreover, it is simple in preparation method, easily available for raw materials, low in cost, and easy to be industrialized.

A compound heavy metal chelating agent, which relates to the field of chemical and environmental protection technology, includes dithiocarboxylate functionalized ethoxylated pentaerythritol core hyperbranched polymer and alkylene diamine-N,N-sodium bisdithiocarboxylate with a molar ratio in a range of 1:1.0 to 1:10.0. The two different structural types of components have the synergistic positive effect. While chelating heavy metals, the compound heavy metal chelating agent alternately combine with heavy metals to form insoluble chelating super-molecular deposits, which has both chelation and flocculation functions. The compound heavy metal chelating agent provided by the present invention is able to reach the standard for treating heavy metal wastewater, and especially low concentration heavy metal wastewater. It has a wide adaptability range, and does not need to add coagulant. Moreover, it is simple in preparation method, easily available for raw materials, low in cost, and easy to be industrialized.

The present disclosure provides a copper extraction method via iron modification and a copper extraction apparatus to perform the method. The method involves adding iron to an acidic solution in an reactor and oxidizing the iron. The method includes adding a copper-containing acidic solution and adding hydrogen as a reaction promoter into the reactor. Thus, the method may artificially modify the iron element to a copper element. Thus, the iron is used to extract a large amount of copper. This method may be as economical as copper mining.

A hollow fiber (HF) membrane incorporating molybdenum trioxide (MoO.sub.3) nanoparticles. The membrane may be composed of PPSU hollow fibers that are coated or encrusted with MoO.sub.3 nanoparticles and can be made by dry-wet spinning. The hollow fiber membranes containing MoO.sub.3 nanoparticles remove lead, cadmium or other heave metals from waste water and are resistant to attachment of bacteria and fouling.

A hollow fiber (HF) membrane incorporating molybdenum trioxide (MoO.sub.3) nanoparticles. The membrane may be composed of PPSU hollow fibers that are coated or encrusted with MoO.sub.3 nanoparticles and can be made by dry-wet spinning. The hollow fiber membranes containing MoO.sub.3 nanoparticles remove lead, cadmium or other heave metals from waste water and are resistant to attachment of bacteria and fouling.

A method of chromium removal from wastewater comprising providing a copper augmented biochar and contacting the copper augmented biochar with the wastewater to remove chromium from the wastewater. The copper augmented biochar can remove chromium from wastewater with about 99% efficiency in about 1 hour.