A novel class of compounds is described here. The disclosed novel compounds have one hydrophilic group and two identical hydrophilic ionic groups. The two hydrophilic groups of the disclosed compounds contain or end with a cationic or anionic charged group. The disclosed novel compounds herein can be used as surfactants in an article, product, or composition, or for some other purposes. A method to synthesize the disclosed novel compounds is also described.

Disclosed is a water-insoluble polymeric iron chelating agent having a polymer backbone and an aromatic ring attached to the polymer backbone through an —NH—CH.sub.2— bond, wherein the aromatic ring has one or two first functional groups in the form of hydroxyl group and one or two second functional groups located at the ortho position with respect to the first functional group; and wherein the second functional group is —OH, —COOH, or a group represented by formula (I) wherein A represents —CH.sub.3, —CH.sub.2—CH.sub.3, —CH.sub.2—C.sub.6H.sub.5, —CH.sub.2—C.sub.5H.sub.4N or —CH.sub.2—COOH and B represents —CH.sub.2—COOH. The water-insoluble polymeric iron chelating agent of the present invention offers the advantages of being capable of selectively chelating iron ions, particularly biologically unstable iron, and being insoluble in water, and moreover not being incorporated in metabolic processes in vivo.

There is disclosed, a desalination apparatus making use of a particles including covalently bonded functionalized magnetic nanoparticles coupled to a complexing agent. For example, the complexing agent may include a crown ether. The particles are optionally used for removing salt from water, for example sea water. The apparatus optionally includes a magnet for magnetic filtering, concentrating and/or removing the particles and/or contaminant (e.g. salt). In some embodiments, the salt is then separated back from the particles using UV light. The remaining unclarified water may be washed out with the contaminant and/or used for salt production and/or disposed of (e.g. dumped back to the sea). Optionally, the particles are regenerated. For example, the regenerated particulars may be reused for further desalination steps (e.g. further salt removal from the clarified water) to clarify new input water.

The present invention relates to a method of treating aqueous fluid and apparatus therefor. The method comprises adding an organic compound to a mass of aqueous fluid comprising at least one Kinetic Hydrate Inhibitor (KHI). The organic compound comprises a hydrophobic tail and a hydrophilic head. The hydrophobic tail comprises at least one C—H bond and the hydrophilic head comprises at least one of: a hydroxyl (—OH) group; and a carboxyl (—COOH) group.

Methods for removing cadmium (Cd) from a phosphoric acid solution produced in a wet process for manufacturing phosphoric acid, comprising treating the wet-process phosphoric acid solution with a small amount of a solid adsorbing material and a complex reagent to form a cadmium complex-contaminated solid adsorbing material, and removing the contaminated solid adsorbing material to yield a treated phosphoric acid solution having a low Cd content.

A scale suppression apparatus capable of suppressing in a low-priced manner the generation of silica-based scale and calcium-based scale in the influent water, a geothermal power generation system using the same, and a scale suppression method are provided. The apparatus includes a first addition unit configured to add liquid containing a chelating agent and an alkaline agent to influent water flowing through a pipe arrangement to make the influent water higher than pH 7, a second addition unit configured to add an acid substance to the influent water to make the influent water lower than pH 7, and a controller configured to alternatively switch between the operation of the first addition unit and the operation of the second addition unit. The controller controls the switching of the first addition unit and the second addition unit based on the signals output from a scale detection unit and a pH meter.

This invention relates to compositions and methods for the at least partial dissolution, disruption and/or removal of deposits, such as scale and other deposits, from heat exchanger components. The heat exchanger components can include pressurized water reactor steam generators. The pressurized water reactor steam generators can be in a wet layup condition. The compositions include elemental metal and complexing agent selected from the group consisting of sequestering agent, chelating agent, dispersant, and mixtures thereof. The methods include introducing the compositions into the heat exchanger components.

The present disclosure provides compositions and methods for treating volatile fatty acids and bacteria capable of producing volatile fatty acids. The compositions can convert acid-producing bacteria environments to nitrate-reducing bacteria environments. The compositions and methods can lower the amount of acid-producing bacteria present in the environment and thereby reduce the amount of volatile fatty acids present in the environment. The control agent may also inhibit the growth of acid-producing bacteria and volatile fatty acid concentrations. The compositions and methods can be used with any aqueous industrial system.

A base product fluid is produced by adding anhydrous liquid ammonia and a first portion of sulfuric acid to water in a process line to form a mixed fluid. The mixed fluid may be cooled and a second portion of sulfuric acid may be added to the mixed fluid to form the base product fluid. The base product fluid may include a molecular compound that is a chelating compound. The molecular compound may have the formula: ((NH.sub.4).sub.2SO.sub.4).sub.a.(H.sub.2SO.sub.4).sub.b.(H.sub.2O).sub.c.(NH.sub.4HSO.sub.4).sub.x. In the formula, a may be between 1 and 5, b may be between 1 and 5, c may be between 0 and 5, and x may be between 1 and 20.

The invention relates to a method for preparing phosphine-based selective transition metal binding particles, said method comprising at least a step of reacting macroporous particles comprising at least one “NH” reactive function reacted with at least one molar equivalent of a phosphine derivative R—P(CH.sub.2OH).sub.2, with a nucleophile reactive agent of formula NHR.sup.aR.sup.b, wherein NHR.sup.aR.sup.b comprises at least one “NH” function.