A process for reducing the concentration of one or more arsenic-containing compounds in an aqueous solution comprising at least one fluoroacid, which process comprises: (i) contacting the aqueous solution with an oxidising agent to produce one or more Asv-containing compounds; and (ii) removal of precipitated arsenic-containing compounds; wherein the process comprises a step (iii) the addition of an aqueous alkali solution or slurry, which may take place after step (i) and before step (ii) or after step (ii).

A method for intensification of advanced biological nitrogen removal and reduction of endocrine disrupting toxicity, and belongs to the technical field of advanced wastewater treatment includes the steps of utilizing the reaction of calcium sulfate and hydrogen peroxide solution under alkaline conditions to prepare nano-calcium peroxide (n-CP) oxygen-releasing materials, then the polyvinyl alcohol is used as a framework material, the sodium carboxymethyl cellulose is used as a bonding agent, the stearic acid is used as buffering agent and stabilizing agent, the prepared n-CP is used as an oxygen-releasing material, and the quartz sand is used to increase the material density to the sustained-release calcium peroxide nanoparticles (SR-nCPs) through the encapsulation method.

A method of treating at least one surface includes a step of contacting the at least one surface with an aqueous solution obtained by mixing in water an aqueous formulation having at least one biosurfactant and at least one organic acid. The weight ratio between the at least one biosurfactant and the at least one organic acid is between 1:1000 and 10:1, in an amount such that the aqueous solution includes the at least one biosurfactant in an amount between 0.0001 and 10% by weight and the at least one organic acid in an amount between 0.001 and 10% by weight. The at least one biosurfactant is selected from glycolipids, lipopeptides, lipoproteins, phospholipids and polymeric biosurfactants. The at least one organic acid is selected from citric acid, lactic acid, acetic acid, malic acid, maleic acid, formic acid, caprylic acid, methanesulfonic acid, tartaric acid, succinic acid, and polyaspartic acid.

A universal chemical processor (UCP) including a reactor vessel having a central longitudinal axis and main chamber comprises a first inlet port for a main feedstock, a second inlet port for a fluidizing medium and a third inlet port for one or more reactants. The UCP also includes a reactive radioactive chemical processor (R.sup.2CP) that contains a radioactive element positioned extending along the longitudinal axis in the main chamber. In operation, a fluidized bed can be supported in the main chamber when a fluidizing medium and feedstock are supplied to the main chamber through the first and second inlet ports and the radioactive element of the R.sup.2CP emits ionizing radiation that is capable of ionizing feedstock and reactants, inducing chemical reactions, and sterilizing and decomposing any organic materials within a radiation zone.

The invention relates to a method for treating organic waste, in particular to a method for treating sludge from wastewater treatment plants, in order to produce power and/or hygienized organic matter, including a first step of mesophilic or thermophilic digestion (13) of at least one fraction of a stream of organic waste, and comprising the following steps: dehydrating (15) all of the digested and non-digested waste; aerated thermal hydrolysis (16) of the dehydrated waste, including an injection of an oxidizing agent in a quantity lower than the stoichiometric quantity for oxidizing organic matter, and setting to the required temperature by a heating means; and a second mesophilic or thermophilic digestion (17) of the stream of hydrolyzed waste.

The present invention provides a system for high throughput purification of liquid.

Methods for removing a soluble heavy metal-sulfur complex from a process solution comprise contacting the process solution with an oxidant to oxidize the heavy metal-sulfur complex and form an oxidized complex precipitate, or with an acid to acidify the heavy metal-sulfur complex and form an acidified complex precipitate, and removing the precipitate from the process solution to provide a heavy metal-reduced solution. The method is advantageous for removing heavy metals such as mercury, cadmium, barium, iron, vanadium and/or manganese from process solutions, for example originating from natural gas production, petroleum production, water treatment or mining.

A water treatment apparatus that can remove persistent organic materials more efficiently is provided. Water treatment apparatus has hypohalogenous acid addition means that adds hypohalogenous acid to water to be treated that contains organic materials; and ultraviolet ray radiating apparatus that is positioned downstream of hypohalogenous acid addition means and that radiates ultraviolet rays to the water to be treated to which the hypohalogenous acid has been added.

Formulations and methods for destroying dense non-aqueous phase liquids (DNAPLs) using in situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) are provided. In particular, the invention provides slow release formulations comprising oxidants such as percarbonate and persulfate that efficiently destroy DNAPLs e.g. at sites requiring clean-up due to the presence of toxic DNAPL contaminants.

A method for waste material treatment that results in a more stable, entombed treated waste product. A reactive treatment formulation can be dispensed with a waste material deposit into a self-contained non-contact agitating toilet to form a stabilized viscous mass. The reactive treatment formulation mixed with the waste material deposit prevents odors, bacterial growth, and stabilizes the waste material into a treated waste product to reduce spillage during disposal.