A method for mitigating formation of biofilm in a water system using predictive analysis of biofilm growth. An electrical current to the water system is used to deactivate bacteria and mitigate biofilm formation. The method also allows for optional dosing of the water system with biocide. A system is also used for mitigating formation of biofilm in a water system, made of a bacterial deactivator, a biofouling sensor, a biofouling potential analyzer, and a controller to synthesize data from the analyzer and sensor to model and predict biofouling events and operate the bacterial deactivator based upon the modeling and prediction.

The wastewater treatment apparatus of present invention has an electro-coagulation unit for removing contaminants with at least one anode and at least one cathode and an electro-oxidation unit for oxidizing contaminants with at least one anode and at least one cathode wherein oxidants are electrochemically generated. Based on the type of wastewater, the apparatus can have an electro-flotation unit between the electrocoagulation unit and the electro-oxidation unit. The apparatus also has an oxidant removal unit which can have a metal ion-liberating electrode for reacting with and removing residual oxidants. In some cases, portions of effluent from the oxidant removal unit can be recirculated to the electro-coagulation unit for increased efficiency.

The wastewater treatment apparatus of present invention has an electro-coagulation unit for removing contaminants with at least one anode and at least one cathode and an electro-oxidation unit for oxidizing contaminants with at least one anode and at least one cathode wherein oxidants are electrochemically generated. Based on the type of wastewater, the apparatus can have an electro-flotation unit between the electrocoagulation unit and the electro-oxidation unit. The apparatus also has an oxidant removal unit which can have a metal ion-liberating electrode for reacting with and removing residual oxidants. In some cases, portions of effluent from the oxidant removal unit can be recirculated to the electro-coagulation unit for increased efficiency.

The present invention is directed to a composition in solution (often, an aqueous solution) which comprises a combination of molecular iodine (I.sub.2) and an acceptable source of iodate (IO.sub.3), and an acid (inorganic or organic), wherein iodide and iodate are present in the composition at a molar ratio of about 0.1 to about 25, the concentration of uncomplexed molecular iodine is a disinfectant, biocidal and/or antimicrobial (depending upon the end use of the composition) effective amount the concentration of acid in the composition is effective to provide a buffering pH in the composition ranging from about 1.5 to about 6.5. Compositions according to the present invention are storage stable for unexpectedly long periods of time (up to about 5 years), and find use as disinfecting solutions, as germicides and/or biocides (e.g. antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal, antispore etc.) for various surfaces and solutions including living and inanimate surfaces and are particularly useful because of their low cost, their reduced use of iodine, their activity (because of the high concentration of free molecular iodine in solution), their reduced environmental impact, their long term storage stability and their reduced toxicity. They also have particular utility in treating food surfaces to retard spoilage, increase useful shelf-life and minimize the human and economic cost of food waste. The compositions inactivate viruses, bacteria (both gram negative and positive), spores and fungi. Compositions according to the present invention may be used and stored in a variety of materials, given the substantial absence of corrosion (non-corrosive) these compositions display. Dental compositions (e.g. preprocedure rinses and other compositions) and methods related thereto are also disclosed.

Disclosed are advantageous systems and methods for treating building water systems, especially the interior surfaces of premise plumbing, to remove biofilm and inactivate biofilm-associated pathogens, including protozoa, using disinfectant formulations at concentrations at in excess of those used for drinking water treatment, and further, in co-applying complexing agents to mitigate corrosion of the materials treated; and using these in conjunction with off-gas containment devices that allow flushing of taps without the liberation of toxic fumes.

Disclosed are advantageous systems and methods for treating building water systems, especially the interior surfaces of premise plumbing, to remove biofilm and inactivate biofilm-associated pathogens, including protozoa, using disinfectant formulations at concentrations at in excess of those used for drinking water treatment, and further, in co-applying complexing agents to mitigate corrosion of the materials treated; and using these in conjunction with off-gas containment devices that allow flushing of taps without the liberation of toxic fumes.

A near-zero maintenance integrated purification device for drinking water supply of villages and towns and a method for treating source water using this device are provided to solve the multi-pollution problems caused by microorganisms, turbidity, iron, manganese, taste and odor, and organic matter in the drinking water sources of villages and towns. The device includes a small-spacing folding plate speed sink regulating water tank, a small diameter tube reactor, a granular active carbon (GAC) slow-speed filter tank, a gravity-driven ultrafiltration membrane tank and an ipsilateral U-turn corridor clean water tank. The near-zero maintenance integrated purification device is applicable to different types of water sources (e.g., groundwater, lake water, reservoir water, spring water, snowmelt water, cellar water and rain water, etc.), and could efficiently remove kinds of pollutants, improving the biological and chemical safety of drinking water.

A sensor control system of a food processing system includes a logic processor operatively coupled to an electrode. The logic processor is configured to receive a sensor signal from the electrode, the electrode configured to collect the sensor signal from water used within the food processing system, process the sensor signal to determine a chemical measurement of the water, and generate an electrochemical cleaning control signal for the electrode to interact with the water to electrochemically clean the electrode based upon a user input signal.

A method for applying a chemical treatment to a cooling medium in an evaporative cooling system. The method includes applying the chemical treatment to the cooling medium, and the chemical treatment includes at least one of a phosphonate and a dispersant polymer.

The present invention provides systems, methods, and articles for stress reduction and sleep promotion. A stress reduction and sleep promotion system includes at least one remote device, at least one body sensor, and at least one remote server. In other embodiments, the stress reduction and sleep promotion system includes machine learning.