Compositions made of laminate comprised of porous carbon nanotube (CNT) are disclosed. Uses of the Compositions, particularly for reducing a formation of a load of a microorganism or of a biofilm, are also disclosed.

Header-equipped air diffusion devices includes, in the header, an air storage unit, on its lower end including inlet(s) for water to be treated, and air supply part(s) and air sending part(s) on the air storage unit upper section. The air diffusion device's air sending part and horizontal tube are connected, air sent from the header being diffused by the air diffusion device, and air sending in the air storage unit is above the air supply part's air supply port. The air storage portion's partition portion, with a 50+mm height, partitions the upper portion into an air supply and an air feeding portion side. The partition portion forms a cylindrical portion and an upper plate portion and the air storage portion's trunk portion serves as part of the air supply portion, and an opening end on a lower end side of the partition portion serves as the air supply port.

A method and system for treating and purifying saltwater contaminated by volatile compounds. The saltwater is evaporated resulting in a gas composed of water vapor and gaseous volatile compounds. The gas is condensed into a condensate containing the contaminated volatile compounds which is biologically treated to remove the volatile compounds thereby producing purified water. The latent heat released by condensing is used to evaporate the purified water into the atmosphere in an energy efficient manner.

A method and system for treating and purifying saltwater contaminated by volatile compounds. The saltwater is evaporated resulting in a gas composed of water vapor and gaseous volatile compounds. The gas is condensed into a condensate containing the contaminated volatile compounds which is biologically treated to remove the volatile compounds thereby producing purified water. The latent heat released by condensing is used to evaporate the purified water into the atmosphere in an energy efficient manner.

Mainstream partial nitritation was studied at 10° C. in a moving bed biofilm reactor treating synthetic wastewater containing both nitrogen (≈40 mg L-1) and organic carbon at COD/N ratio ranging from 1.3 to 2.2. Three different control strategies were investigated to achieve partial nitritation. Initially, biofilm age was controlled by incorporating a media replacement strategy. Next, separately from the media replacement, oxygen limited conditions were investigated and finally pH control was incorporated together with oxygen limitation. Successful partial nitritation was achieved only by combining oxygen limitation with pH control. The average NH4-N concentration was equal to 16.0±1.6 mg L-1 and average NO2-N concentration was equal to 15.7±2.4 mg L-1 during steady state partial nitritation. The average residual NO3-N concentration was equal to 2.6±2.2 mg L-1. The results obtained from this study prove for the first time that partial nitritation can be successfully controlled in a biofilm reactor treating wastewater with low nitrogen concentration, relatively high COD/N ratio and at low temperature. An algorithm for dynamic process control of partial nitritation has been also developed.

Mainstream partial nitritation was studied at 10° C. in a moving bed biofilm reactor treating synthetic wastewater containing both nitrogen (≈40 mg L-1) and organic carbon at COD/N ratio ranging from 1.3 to 2.2. Three different control strategies were investigated to achieve partial nitritation. Initially, biofilm age was controlled by incorporating a media replacement strategy. Next, separately from the media replacement, oxygen limited conditions were investigated and finally pH control was incorporated together with oxygen limitation. Successful partial nitritation was achieved only by combining oxygen limitation with pH control. The average NH4-N concentration was equal to 16.0±1.6 mg L-1 and average NO2-N concentration was equal to 15.7±2.4 mg L-1 during steady state partial nitritation. The average residual NO3-N concentration was equal to 2.6±2.2 mg L-1. The results obtained from this study prove for the first time that partial nitritation can be successfully controlled in a biofilm reactor treating wastewater with low nitrogen concentration, relatively high COD/N ratio and at low temperature. An algorithm for dynamic process control of partial nitritation has been also developed.

Disclosed is a membrane bioreactor (MBR) system. The MBR system according to one embodiment of the present invention includes a membrane filtration tub, a filtration portion including a filter member and installed in the membrane filtration tub, a filtered water storage tank, an air tank configured to store air to be supplied to the filtration portion, a flow channel portion including a first flow channel configured to connect the filtration portion to the filtered water storage tank and a second flow channel configured to connect the filtration portion to the air tank, a valve portion including a first valve located on the first flow channel and configured to open or close the first flow channel and a second valve located on the second flow channel and configured to open or close the second flow channel, and a decompression portion.

A wastewater treatment plant and related method comprise a treatment stage including a biological-process substage configured for growing unicellular organisms adapted to reduce contaminants in the wastewater which are dissolved, including at least one of organic matter and nitrogenous matter, by digestion thereof, and which are adapted to floc after digestion and a floc-removal substage downstream from the biological-process substage, relative to the flow of wastewater, and configured for substantially removing the unicellular organisms that have flocked. The treatment stage is configured to form majority and minority flows of treated wastewater, and the minority flow is configured to be recycled upstream of the biological-process treatment substage. The plant includes a heat transfer assembly configured for transferring heat from the majority flow of treated wastewater to the minority flow thereof to increase temperature of wastewater to be treated.

An apparatus has a plurality of gas transfer membranes. The apparatus floats in water with the membranes submerged in the water. To treat the water, a gas is supplied to the membranes and is transferred to a biofilm supported on the membranes or to the water. Gas is also used to supply mixing or membrane scouring bubbles to the water. The mixing or scouring bubbles can be provided by a cyclic aeration or other gas supply system, which optionally provides gas at a variable pressure to the membranes in parallel or series with an aerator. Condensates can be removed from the membranes, and exhaust gasses from the membranes can be monitored, optionally through one or more dedicated pipes.

This application relates to a method of treating wastewater wherein an oxygen infusion system is used to supersaturate wastewater before aerobic biological processes, wherein oxygen is transferred to the wastewater free of oxygen bubbles and achieves a reduction in power demand for the aeration process of wastewater.