The present invention concerns a biological reactor used in the field of sanitation for the treatment of sewage and industrial wastewater. The solution proposed in this invention is the coupling of two different treatment processes (anaerobic and aerobic) in the same fixed bed reactor. The invention aims to allow for the construction of plants for the treatment of sewage or very compact industrial effluents, where it is possible to achieve high treatment efficiencies with a small implantation area. In addition, due to the combination of the anaerobic and aerobic processes in fixed beds in the same reactor, the system consumes less energy for aeration and generates a smaller amount of sludge, considerably reducing the operating costs of the treatment plant.

A stormwater runoff treatment substrate includes a lower pyrite substrate layer and an upper biochar substrate layer. The lower pyrite substrate layer includes pyrite, oyster shell powder, and sandy materials in a volume ratio of 10:5:85. The upper biochar substrate layer includes biochar or activated carbon, organic nutrient soil, and sandy materials in a volume ratio of 20:3:77.

A method, an apparatus, and a system for treating a waste in a vehicle. The waste is received from a lavatory in a waste tank through a waste input port connected to the lavatory in the vehicle. Anaerobic bacteria are introduced into the waste such that anaerobic digestion occurs to breakdown a biodegradable material in the waste in the waste tank.

The present invention relates to a process for the separation of biomass in the anaerobic purification of wastewater and to a system for the separation of biomass in the anaerobic purification of wastewater.

The disclosure relates to bioreactors, for example for biological treatment and, more specifically to bioreactor insert apparatus including biofilms and related methods. The bioreactor insert apparatus provides a means for circulation of reaction medium within the bioreactor, a biofilm support, and biological treatment of an inlet feed to the reactor/insert apparatus. The bioreactor insert apparatus has a high relative surface area for biofilm attachment and is capable of generating complex flow patterns and increasing treatment efficiency/biological conversion activity in a biologically-active reactor. The high surface area structure incorporates multiple biofilm support structures such as meshes at inlet and outlet portions of the structure. The biofilm support structures and biofilms thereon can increase overall reaction rate of the bioreactor and/or perform some solid/liquid separation in the treatment of the wastewater or other influent.

Provided are: a water treatment method that includes at least a denitrification step for denitrifying water to be treated with a denitrifying bacterium in the presence of a hydrogen donor, wherein the denitrification activity of the denitrifying bacterium can be maintained at a high level and thus the treatment speed can be increased; and a water treatment apparatus. The water treatment method includes at least a denitrification step for passing water to be treated through a biological treatment tank and denitrifying the same with a heterotrophic denitrifying bacterium in the presence of a hydrogen donor, wherein: molybdenum is added to the water to be treated to give a concentration of 0.01-1.0 mgMo/gN; a carrier is added to the biological treatment tank; and the nitrogen load to the carrier is controlled to 1.6 kgN/(m.sup.3-carrier.Math.d) or greater.

A water treatment system that removes calcium and magnesium using coagulants and pH controls, aqueous phase organic materials from water using a biological removal system that includes microorganisms and a physical separation system that includes sparging equipment for sparging the water to remove non-aqueous phase liquid organic materials, volatile phase organic materials. An apparatus, system and method for pretreating oilfield produced water to completely remove or significantly reduce concentrations of substances that are known to interfere with downstream recovery of metals including lithium. This technology facilitates a more efficient and cost-effective extraction method from alternate sources to meet the increasing global demand.

A modular and mobile unpressurized bioreactor for removing nitrate from water, and methods and systems thereof.

Exemplary embodiments describe apparatuses and related processes for improving mixing and sheer in a fixed film reactor. One process can include recycling at least a portion of a biogas product through at least one sparger below a fixed film zone in the fixed film reactor at conditions sufficient for mixing and sheering the film from an internal structure within the fixed film zone. Often, a cross-sectional area of the fixed film zone fills at least about 90% of a cross-sectional area of the fixed film reactor.

There is disclosed a system and process for the anaerobic and aerobic treatment of landfill wastewater, including landfill condensate, landfill leachate and mixtures thereof.