Provided herein are systems and methods for treating a wastewater stream. In one embodiment, a wastewater stream is treated using a settling tank, a membrane feed tank, and at least one filtration unit.

The present invention relates to a modular and scalable system for intelligent vertical farming infrastructure, using the latest in water recycling sciences, and artificial-intelligence based automation. This helps to combat the issue of sustainable Agriculture+its minimizing usage of water, energy, and space. It combines a vertical farming structure with multiple levels of cultivation with an irrigation and drainage system to achieve recirculation of water. The water recycling unit consists of rainwater harvesting, wastewater collection and multi-stage treatment subsystems, which can guarantee a continuous supply of high-quality recycled water for irrigation. The invention also combines a network of Internet of Things (IoT)-enabled sensors and AI-based control circuitry to track and manage environmental conditions (e.g. light intensity, humidity, temperature, and nutrient levels).

The present invention relates to the technical field of wastewater treatment, and discloses a method for enhanced bio-treatment of refractory organic pollutants with photo-excited holes as electron acceptors. The method comprises the following steps: 1) placing a composite semiconductor-coated carrier material into a reactor, introducing wastewater into the reactor inoculated with anaerobic sludge, and allowing the composite semiconductor-coated carrier material to be immersed in the wastewater, wherein the composite semiconductor-coated carrier material comprises a conductive carrier and composite semiconductor materials loaded on the conductive carrier; 2) carrying out habituated culture on the anaerobic sludge for a period of time, and loading a biological membrane on the surface of the composite semiconductor materials, to construct a photo-excited hole enhanced bioreactor; and 3) treating the refractory pollutants in the wastewater by utilizing the reactor under irradiation.

The hybrid solar still and anaerobic membrane bioreactor for wastewater treatment (10) produces both purified water (PW) and biogas by combining a solar still (11) with an anaerobic membrane bioreactor. The solar still (11) receives feed wastewater (WW) and produces condensed water (CW) and concentrated wastewater (CWW) therefrom through solar distillation. An anaerobic process tank (12) receives the concentrated wastewater (CWW) from the solar still (11) and produces digested waste sludge and a process liquid (PL) therefrom through anaerobic digestion. A membrane tank (20) receives the process liquid (PL) from the anaerobic process tank (12), and also receives the condensed water (CW) from the solar still (11). Through membrane filtration, the membrane tank (20) produces purified water (PW) and retained wastewater (RWW). The retained wastewater (RWW) is recirculated back to the anaerobic process tank (12).

Provided is a biochar-anaerobic membrane biological treatment system and process. The system mainly includes a reaction tank, a membrane module, a macroporous gas distribution device, low-temperature pyrolysis biochar. The application of the process to sewage treatment shows that: under the conditions that the hydraulic retention time is 3.2-7.2 h, the membrane flux is 12.0-17.8 L/m.sup.2/h, and the sludge concentration of 7.2-15.6 g/L, multiple objectives of promoting organic micropollutants (OMPs) biotransformation, accelerating methane production and strengthening membrane fouling control were achieved. The system improved OMPs removal efficiency by more than 20%, decreased membrane fouling rate by 50%, and reaching an organic matter removal efficiency of more than 86% at low temperature. The system and process solve the problems of poor OMPs removal efficiency, serious membrane fouling, and low methane yield at low temperature in the anaerobic membrane biological treatment system.

Provided herein are systems and methods for treating a wastewater stream. In one embodiment, a wastewater stream is treated using a settling tank, a membrane feed tank, and at least one filtration unit.

An apparatus has a plurality of gas transfer membranes. The apparatus floats in water with the membranes submerged in the water. To treat the water, a gas is supplied to the membranes and is transferred to a biofilm supported on the membranes or to the water. Gas is also used to supply mixing or membrane scouring bubbles to the water. The mixing or scouring bubbles can be provided by a cyclic aeration or other gas supply system, which optionally provides gas at a variable pressure to the membranes in parallel or series with an aerator. Condensates can be removed from the membranes, and exhaust gasses from the membranes can be monitored, optionally through one or more dedicated pipes.

The hybrid solar still and anaerobic membrane bioreactor for wastewater treatment (10) produces both purified water (PW) and biogas by combining a solar still (11) with an anaerobic membrane bioreactor. The solar still (11) receives feed wastewater (WW) and produces condensed water (CW) and concentrated wastewater (CWW) therefrom through solar distillation. An anaerobic process tank (12) receives the concentrated wastewater (CWW) from the solar still (11) and produces digested waste sludge and a process liquid (PL) therefrom through anaerobic digestion. A membrane tank (20) receives the process liquid (PL) from the anaerobic process tank (12), and also receives the condensed water (CW) from the solar still (11). Through membrane filtration, the membrane tank (20) produces purified water (PW) and retained wastewater (RWW). The retained wastewater (RWW) is recirculated back to the anaerobic process tank (12).

The present invention relates to methods for biological wastewater treatment for Se control in Se-laden wastewater. The Se contaminants in the wastewater include the Se oxyanions selenate (SeO.sub.4.sup.2) and selenite (HSeO.sub.3.sup.), which are biochemically reduced and transformed to elemental selenium (Se.sup.0) by microorganisms through anaerobic biological reduction. The resulting Se.sup.0 is entrained in the biomass, which is further processed to enable the efficient recovery of concentrated Se.sup.0.

A biofilm membrane bioreactor system with a bioreactor, at least two membrane plates positioned within the bioreactor, and a plurality of biofilm carriers suspended within the wastewater in the bioreactor. The bioreactor has at least one inlet and at least one outlet. The at least two membrane plates are configured to filter the wastewater to generate permeate and may be formed of a ceramic material. Each of the at least two membrane plates are separated from adjacent membrane plates by a membrane gap that is at least two times larger than a smallest dimension of one of the biofilm carriers.