The present invention relates to compositions and methods for the remediation of contaminated solids and liquids. In particular, embodiments of the present invention relate to the bioremediation of solids and liquids by a composition comprising a biocatalyst or mixture of biocatalysts. The present invention also relates to methods for producing the bioremediation compositions and methods for applying the bioremediation compositions to contaminated sites, including treatment, storage, and disposal facilities, as well as various contaminated water sources, such as aquifers and reservoirs.

Techniques of decontaminating environments polluted with petroleum-related materials through the use of microbes have problems associated with difficulty in construction that requires high-pressure injection deep in the ground, due to low pressure resistance of any of the conventional microbes. In many cases, the survival of the microbes is influenced by temperatures, etc. of the environments and disadvantageously requires extreme caution in conditions of preservation or the environments (temperature, pressure, pH, etc.) for use. A microbe having resistance to even high temperatures or high pressures while having excellent ability to degrade petroleum-related materials has been obtained. As a result, the present invention provides a bioremediation technique, particularly, a bioaugmentation technique, which employs an organism resistant to environmental loads such as temperature, pH, and pressure, is highly useful, and utilizes the excellent ability to degrade petroleum-related materials.

The present invention relates to a booster composition for enhancing the biogas yield and stabilizing the operation of a biomethanation plant, a method for the preparation of said booster composition and a method for enhancing the biogas yield and stabilizing the operation of a biomethanation plant using said composition by ameliorating the effect of shock conditions like pH and temperature. The booster composition comprises of specifically defined constituents selected from controlled release agents, redox potential balancers, direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET) improvers, micronutrient balancers, and Co-factors.

The present invention discloses a method for starting a single-stage system for nitrogen removal coupling partial denitrification and anammox. The two nitrogen removal processes are coupled by gradually enriching denitrifying bacteria in anammox granular sludge and then activating the partial denitrification process of the functional bacteria (denitrifying bacteria). Particularly, the method comprises: inoculating anammox granular sludge in a single-stage reactor, adding an organic carbon source in gradients to enrich denitrifying bacteria and to adapt anammox bacteria, and replacing nitrites in feed with nitrates gradually to activate the partial denitrification process.

A method for the anaerobic cultivation of microorganisms includes providing an aqueous solution having a pH value of 4.5 to 7.5 in a container, adding a substrate in a first substrate dosage to the aqueous solution, adding further elements to the aqueous solution, adding an inoculant with microorganisms to the aqueous solution, hermetically sealing the container, varying a temperature of the initial product or the intermediate products in a range from 40 to 80 degrees Celsius, taking a sample and determining a first concentration of organic substance in the sample, taking another sample and determining another concentration of organic substance in the further sample after the expiration of the first waiting time, if the concentration of organic substance is smaller than 10 percent of the first concentration of organic substance, adding substrate in another substrate dosage, repeating the above until a sufficient amount of biomass is present in the container.

A microbial carrier and a device for treating wastewater are provided. The microbial carrier includes a bacteriophilic material and a plurality of foam cells, wherein the foam cells are disposed in the bacteriophilic material. The bactericidal material is a reaction product of a composite, wherein the composition includes a hydrophobic polyvinyl alcohol and a cross-linking agent, wherein the surface energy of the hydrophobic polyvinyl alcohol is 30 mJ/m.sup.2 to 58 mJ/m.sup.2.

Microbial reactors are provided for ammonium oxidation. Briefly, a reactor comprises a medium including an ammonium component and a Feammox bacterium and/or enzyme(s) thereof capable of oxidizing ammonium with electron transfer to an anode in contact with the medium. As described further herein, use of the anode as an electron acceptor can mitigate or overcome the disadvantages associated Fe(III) acceptor. In some embodiments, for example, ammonium oxidation in the reactor can proceed in the absence of Fe(III) and/or other metal compounds operable to function as an electron acceptor in the medium. Moreover, the medium may further comprise one more contaminants in addition to the ammonium component.

An activated sludge process for the treatment of municipal wastewater, particularly applicable to oxidation ditch activated sludge treatment systems which utilize a conventional race track or continuous loop reactor basin configuration. The process removes phosphorus and nitrogen from an activated sludge wastewater treatment system, with an anoxic cycle followed by an aerobic cycle, and followed by a surface wasting cycle until a low flow diurnal period is reached in a diurnal or twenty-four hour period. Automated microprocessor control system using “oxidation-reduction potential” (ORP) and “dissolved oxygen” (DO) as process variable inputs automate aerated and anoxic cycles to optimize phosphorus and nitrogen removal using the available carbon in the influent wastewater resulting in an energy efficient dynamic dissolved oxygen control during the aerated periods.

A system for environmental remediation of halogenated compounds such as chlorinated solvents is presented, the system comprising at least one bacterial strain capable of microbial chain elongation; at least one bacterial strain capable of reductive dehalogenation; and an alcohol. Also presented is a method remediating an environmental sample, the method comprising the steps of: providing a remediation composition; and treating an environmental sample comprising at least one chlorinated pollutant with the remediation composition; wherein the remediation composition comprises at least one bacterial strain capable of microbial chain elongation; at least one bacterial strain capable of reductive dehalogenation; and at least one bacterial strain capable of fermentation.

A surface water mitigation structure suitable for use in the storage and treatment of contaminated surface water runoff. The runoff is processed through a multi-layered filtration and treatment system wherein the first layer is one or more permeable layers that is pervious enough to allow liquid runoff to pass through it and into a porous storage medium second layer that includes one or more remediating agents, and wherein the effluent from the surface water mitigation structure can be discharged to the ground, the surface, and/or a drainage system reduced or free of contaminants.