An apparatus and a method for removing nitrogen and phosphorus from sewage by using sponge iron and activated sludge are disclosed herein. The apparatus comprises a raw tank, a pH adjusting tank, a primary SBR reactor, a secondary SBR reactor, an intermediate tank, and a discharge tank; by modification of sponge iron, preparation of composite filler, sludge inoculation and domestication, and sewage treatment, an effect of simultaneous denitrification and dephosphorization is achieved in one reactor using the combined action of sponge iron and activated sludge with high nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiency.

In one aspect, oxidant is employed for enhancing Feammox activity. Briefly, a medium comprises an ammonium containing contaminant, an iron component, an oxidant, and a Feammox bacterium and/or enzyme thereof capable of oxidizing ammonium with reduction of Fe(II) to Fe(III), wherein the oxidant regenerates Fe(III) via Fe(II) oxidation. In some embodiments, the medium is soil and/or water.

An apparatus and a method for removing nitrogen and phosphorus from sewage by using sponge iron and activated sludge are disclosed herein. The apparatus comprises a raw tank, a pH adjusting tank, a primary SBBR reactor, a secondary SBBR reactor, an intermediate tank, and a discharge tank; by modification of sponge iron, preparation of composite filler, sludge inoculation and domestication, and sewage treatment, an effect of simultaneous denitrification and dephosphorization is achieved in one reactor using the combined action of sponge iron and activated sludge with high nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiency.

Method for treating iron-contaminated water using a treatment approach identified herein as the Activated Iron Solids (AIS) Process. The AIS process is capable of oxidizing and removing iron as iron oxides from iron-contaminated waters producing a clean effluent. The AIS process is performed in a single or multiple tank system in which high concentrations of AIS are suspended through mechanical mixing to maintain a catalytic surface chemistry environment that increases iron removal thousands times faster than would naturally occur and hundreds times faster than existing arts (e.g., aerobic pond passive treatment). The AIS process can utilize inexpensive alkaline material (such as, pulverized limestone) where initial mine drainage alkalinity (mg/L as CaCO.sub.3) to ferrous iron (mg/L) ratio is less than approximately 1.7. Excess accumulated activated iron solids are periodically removed from the system using a waste-activated iron solids (WAIS) system and directed to an iron oxide thickener for further concentration.

Disclosed herein are methods, systems, and devices for generating electricity from an effluent source. In the presence of electrogenic bacteria and substrate electrodes, an electroactive biofilm is produced which possesses bioconductive capacity for efficiently producing an electric current while treating an effluent source such as, e.g., wastewater. This disclosure relates generally to the production of electricity from a biological source. In particular, this disclosure relates to microbial fuel cells (MFCs) and other bioelectrochemical systems (BES) that exploit an exogenous fuel source.

The present disclosure relates to a harmless and recycling treatment method for kitchen waste. The method includes: step S1: sorting the kitchen waste, deodorizing the kitchen waste, and then implementing a solid-liquid separation to the kitchen waste to obtain solid and filtrate; step S2: adjusting pH of the filtrate to 12-13, adding a demulsifier to the filtrate, standing still, recovering an upper layer of oil and obtaining a lower layer of clear liquid; drying and burning the solid obtained in the step S1, to obtain biochar; and step S3: implementing an advanced oxidation treatment and a biochemical treatment to the lower layer of clear liquid obtained in the step S2, to obtain water. The method can effectively recycle the kitchen waste into resources, alleviate the social and environmental problems caused by the current kitchen waste, and the method is suitable for popularization and application.

A method of reducing a concentration of a nitrogen oxide, the method comprising: contacting a microorganism with a nitrogen oxide-containing sample to reduce the concentration of the nitrogen oxide in the sample, wherein the contacting comprises contacting the microorganism with Fe(II)(L)-NO.sub.x in a bioreactor, wherein the Fe(II)(L)-NO.sub.x is a complex in which a chelating agent, Fe.sup.2+, and NO.sub.x are chelated, wherein L is the chelating agent, and wherein NO.sub.x is a nitrogen oxide ligand.

The present invention provides an ecological method for denitrification and phosphorus removal in wastewater treatment process, which relates to the field of sewage treatment technology, The present invention provides a nitrogen and phosphorus removal system, comprising a nitrogen and phosphorus removal unit and a sulfate adsorption unit. The nitrogen and phosphorus removal unit is packed with coarse sand layer, deoxidizing layer and sulfur/iron mixture layer, while the sulfate adsorption unit is filled with modified hydrotalcite. Both of the units are filled with solid material, which effectively avoid the contamination that causes by liquid carbon source feeding. The application of the present invention can realize a completely denitrification, which achieve a maximum removal rate of 100%, a phosphorus removal efficiency of about 80%. The TP concentration is below 0.5 mg/L in the treated effluent, while the average sulfate removal rate is about 50%.

The present invention relates to a method for reducing the aniline content of hypersaline wastewater, said method comprising the steps of (a) providing a composition A comprising hypersaline wastewater and aniline, and (b) contacting composition A with cells of at least one halophilic microbial strain, thereby generating a composition B comprising said composition A and cells of said at least one halophilic microbial strain. The present invention further concerns a method for the production of chlorine and sodium hydroxide. Further encompassed by the present invention is a composition comprising hypersaline wastewater, aniline, and cells of at least one halophilic microbial strain.

A composition remediation of soil and groundwater containing halogenated compounds. The remediation composition includes an elemental iron-based composition, which may include activated carbon capable of absorbing the halogenated compounds with numerous pores impregnated with elemental iron. The remediation composition further includes a first bioremediation material including a blend of one-to-many organisms capable of degrading the halogenated compounds. The remediation composition includes an organic compound or polymeric substance and a second bioremediation material including a blend of one-to-many organisms capable of degrading the organic compound or polymeric substance over time (e.g., 20 to 365 or more days to provide a time release substrate-creating material or platform) into smaller molecules or compounds used by the organisms in the first bioremediation material while degrading the halogenated compounds. The organic compound may be a complex carbohydrate such as food grade starch, chitin, or other complex carbohydrate such as one with low water solubility.