A self-contained water system that provides single point hyper-oxygenated water delivery to a soaking vessel, part of a conventional soaking spa, is presented. The self-contained water system purifies incoming water and restructures the purified water to deliver purified, alkaline, ionized, mineral-rich, and oxygen-rich water. Dissolved oxygen concentration of the water in the soaking vessel can be controlled and maintained at a desired high concentration value, in a range of 10 mg per liter to 50 mg per liter, for water that is at a temperature ranging from 4 C. to 50 C.

The invention relates to an apparatus for the filtration of aqueous liquid that is capable of effectively removing suspended particles from aqueous liquid during a prolonged period of time without clogging of the particulate filter media and associated pressure build-up. This filtration apparatus comprises: a filtration chamber comprising an inlet opening that is located near the bottom of the filtration chamber, and an outlet opening that is located near the top of the filtration chamber; a screen covering the outlet opening of the filtration chamber; a first dosing unit that is located upstream of the filtration chamber adapted to release water-soluble components into the stream of aqueous liquid that flows from the inlet to the filtration chamber; a particulate filter media that partially fills the interior of the filtration chamber; a flow regulator that regulates the flow rate of aqueous liquid through the filtration chamber and that can operate in a high flow rate mode or a reduced flow rate mode; a timer that controls the flow regulator; wherein the timer is programmed to alternatingly switch the flow regulator from the high flow rate mode to the reduced flow rate mode.

A hardness reduction filter is provided. The hardness reduction filter may include a filter housing having a space formed therein, a filter provided in the space of the filter housing to filter out foreign materials from water flowing into the filter housing, and hardness reduction catalysts provided between the filter housing and the filter and configured to perform at least one of removing a hard water material contained in the water or preventing formation of a scale inducing material in the water flowing into the filter housing.

A method for treating a domestic supply water circuit, that comprises injecting a treatment product comprising silicates into the water flowing in said circuit in order to form a film on the inner surfaces of said circuit, characterised in that the injection of the treatment product comprises at least one step of injecting silicates at a concentration of between 100 and 200,000 milligrams per litre (mg/L) into the water flowing in said circuit for a period of between 10 minutes (min) and 24 hours (h), the flow rate of water flowing in the circuit being controlled within a range of between 0.05 and 100 litres per minute (L/min) and the temperature of water flowing in the circuit being controlled within a range of between 40 and 65 C.

A water savings system and method for reducing the amount of water needed for adiabatic cooling including the use of a softener and a reverse osmosis device, in which tap water, softened if necessary, is delivered to a reverse osmosis device and softened water alone, reverse osmosis reject water, or softened water combined with reverse osmosis reject water is delivered to spray nozzles for cooling, and reverse osmosis pure water is stored and used periodically to flush the coils to inhibit and/or prevent corrosion from dissolved salts and other solids in the spray water.

According to an aspect of the present invention, a toilet device includes: a washing unit washing a surface of a bowl in a toilet bowl; a water supplying unit supplying washing water to the washing unit; a silicic acid polymerization inhibiting unit adding inhibitor for silicic acid polymerization to the washing water left on the surface of the bowl after the washing of the bowl, the inhibitor inhibiting polymerization of silicic acid component in the washing water left on the surface of the bowl; and a control portion executing a control starting an operation of the silicic acid polymerization inhibiting unit before the surface of the bowl is evaporated.

The disclosed technology relates to methods of inhibiting corrosion in reaction chambers configured for hydrothermal reaction of feeds containing a heteroatom. An embodiment of such a method comprises providing a feed stream comprising a phosphorus-containing material, an alkali metal compound, water, and a corrosion-inhibitor. The embodiment additionally includes introducing the feed stream and oxidant into a reactor chamber and oxidizing the phosphorus-containing material at an oxidation temperature greater than about 374 C. and an oxidation pressure exceeding about 25 bar, wherein the reactor chamber has inner surfaces comprising a material that corrodes when in contact with a phosphorus compound within the reactor. The embodiment additionally includes selectively reacting the corrosion-inhibitor with phosphorus within the reactor, thereby precipitating in the reactor chamber a phosphorus-containing solid inorganic compound. The embodiment further includes forming in the reactor chamber an alkali salt melt and carrying away from the reactor chamber a mixture comprising the solid phosphorus-containing inorganic compound and the alkali salt melt.

A water savings system and method for reducing the amount of water needed for adiabatic cooling including the use of a softener and a reverse osmosis device, in which tap water, softened if necessary, is delivered to a reverse osmosis device and softened water alone, reverse osmosis reject water, or softened water combined with reverse osmosis reject water is delivered to spray nozzles for cooling, and reverse osmosis pure water is stored and used periodically to flush the coils to inhibit and/or prevent corrosion from dissolved salts and other solids in the spray water.

The present disclosure relates, in part, to enhanced weathering systems and/or apparatuses and methods of use thereof. In one aspect, the present disclosure provides a method of at least partially sequestering CO.sub.2 from an influent aqueous solution comprising aqueous and/or gaseous CO.sub.2. In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a method of at least partially sequestering CO.sub.2 from a gaseous CO.sub.2 source. In another aspect, the present disclosure provides systems and/or apparatuses suitable for use in the methods described herein. In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a method of optimizing the design and operation of a system for at least partial sequestration of CO.sub.2 from a water source.

A water treatment system is provided for removing contaminants from feed water. The system receives feed water at a stripper tower, which removes VOCs from the feed water and directs the VOCs to a heating stage to be eliminated. Hot gases are directed from the heating stage to an evaporation stage. The VOC-free water from the stripper tower is also directed to the evaporation stage. The hot gases are brought into contact with the VOC-free water and evaporates the water. The exhaust gases in the evaporation stage are vented. A slurry of precipitated solids and water are removed from the evaporation stage to be disposed of or directed to a decanter stage to separate the liquid portion of the slurry from the solids portion. The liquid portion can be directed back to the evaporation stage. The exhaust gases in the evaporation stage can also be recirculated to the stripper tower.