A method and system is provided for reducing produced water disposal volumes utilizing waste heat generated by thermal oxidation. Waste heat generated by thermal oxidation can be used to vapourize excess water, and to treat and scrub the water vapour for final release into the atmosphere. The system can utilize excess heat remaining after thermal oxidation to produce water vapour.

A treatment process for remediating H.sub.2S and other contaminants in liquids includes: partially filling a closed vessel with a contaminated liquid containing ≥5 ppm H.sub.2S with a head space above the liquid within the vessel where gasses released from the liquid from the liquid collect; separately providing a treatment composition in the head space so that the gasses from the liquid may contact the treatment composition; and permitting the contact between the vapors from the liquid and the treatment composition to continue until a collective concentration of H.sub.2S in the liquid and in the head space is <5 ppm. The treatment composition includes an aqueous solution containing at least one hydroxide compound, a collective concentration of the at least one hydroxide compound in the aqueous solution is in a range of 35-55 weight %, and the aqueous solution constitutes at least 80 weight % of the treatment composition.

The present disclosure relates to processes for treating wastewater such as acid rock drainage. The processes may, for example, comprise subjecting the wastewater to a microbial fuel cell process, neutralizing the acid with a base comprising calcium to produce an aqueous composition comprising calcium ions and subjecting the aqueous composition comprising calcium ions to a biological precipitation process to precipitate the calcium ions as calcium carbonate.

A stabilized, gas-infused liquids containing ultra high concentrations of infused gas, produced by: generating a gas-infused liquid in a sealed vessel under a high pressure of at least 20 psi; stabilizing the gas-infused liquid by passing the liquid while still under the high pressure through a tubular flow path arrangement which compresses the infused gas into nano bubbles in the liquid; infusing an additional amount of the gas into the stabilized liquid by injecting the same, while still under high pressure, back into the sealed pressure vessel along with more of the gas; and again stabilizing the liquid by again passing liquid, while still under the high pressure, through the tubular flow path arrangement to thereby form the additional amount of infused gas into nano bubbles in the liquid.

This disclosure provides an integrated system and method for producing purified water, hydrogen, and oxygen from contaminated water. The contaminated water may be derived from regolith-based resources on the moon, Mars, near-Earth asteroids, or other destination in outer space. The integrated system and method utilize a cold trap to receive the contaminated water in a vapor phase and selectively freeze out water from one or more volatiles. A heat source increases temperature in the cold trap to vaporize the frozen contaminated water to produce a gas stream of water vapor and volatiles. A chemical scrubber may remove one or more volatiles. The integrated system and method utilize ionomer membrane technology to separate the water vapor from remaining volatiles. The water vapor is delivered for crew use or delivered to an electrolyzer to produce hydrogen and oxygen.

A method of treating a waste liquid: an aluminum dissolution step of dissolving aluminum in an acidic waste liquid and performing separation into a first treated water and a reduced heavy metal precipitate; a gypsum recovery step of adding a calcium compound to the first treated water at a pH of 4 or less, and performing separation into a second treated water and gypsum; a heavy metal coprecipitation step of adding a ferric compound to the second treated water and performing separation into a third treated water and a heavy metal coprecipitate; an aluminum and fluorine removal step of adding an alkali to the third treated water and performing separation into a fourth treated water and a precipitate containing aluminum and fluorine; and a neutralization step of adding an alkali to the fourth treated water and performing separation into an alkali neutralization treated water and a neutralized heavy metal hydroxide.

This invention provides a composition comprising I. at least one reaction product between a nitrogen-free monohydric alcohol and an aldehyde or ketone, and II. at least one reaction product between a monosaccharide having 3 to 6 carbon atoms and/or an oligosaccharide being formed by oligomerization of monosaccharides having 3 to 6 carbon atoms and an aldehyde or ketone, and optionally III. at least one reaction product from III.a) formaldehyde, and III.b) an amine, selected from the group consisting of primary alkyl amines having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and primary hydroxy alkyl amines having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, and optionally IV. at least one solid suppression agent selected from the group consisting of IV(a). alkali or alkaline earth metal hydroxides IV(b). mono-, di- or tri-hydroxy alkyl, aryl or alkylaryl amines, IV(c). mono-, di- or tri-alkyl, aryl or alkylaryl primary, secondary and tertiary amines or IV(d). multifunctional amines and IV(e). mixtures of compounds of groups IV(a) to IV(c). wherein alkyl is C.sub.1 to C.sub.15, aryl is C.sub.6 to C.sub.15 and alkylaryl is C.sub.7 to C.sub.15.

A method for preparing a nanofiltration membrane and a nanofiltration membrane prepared therefrom, the method comprising the following steps: dissolving a polymer in a solvent to prepare a polymer solution, and curing the polymer solution on a support material to form a base membrane; sequentially applying a first liquid-phase solution and a second liquid-phase solution on the base membrane to form a nascent membrane; densifying the nascent membrane by using a solution that contains an alkaline substance; processing the densified nascent membrane by using a solution that contains an acidic substance; and obtaining the nanofiltration membrane after post-processing and drying.

A method of treating a sulphate-bearing stream which includes the steps of hydrolysing aluminium sulphate to produce a chemically-reactive aluminium trihydroxide and sulphuric acid, adding lime to immobilize the sulphuric acid as gypsum and using the aluminium trihydroxide to remove sulphate from the sulphate-bearing stream without interference of sulphate derived from the aluminium sulphate used as an aluminium source in the hydrolysis step.

The present invention relates to a process and plant for treating feed water containing nitrate. The process includes, sorbing nitrate from the feed water onto an ion exchange resin to form a loaded resin and produce a treated water stream depleted in nitrate, regenerating the loaded resin so that the resin can be reused and produce a brine stream high in nitrate; and converting nitrate in the brine stream into molecular nitrogen gas with the assistance of a bioactive agent.