The present invention relates to a treatment system having a barium carbonate (BaCO.sub.3) dispersed alkaline substrate (BDAS) for use in the remediation or at least partial remediation of mine drainage (MD) and/or environmental media contaminated with a source of MD. The invention utilizes chemical, biological and combined treatment systems remove high concentrations of sulfates, hardness, heavy metals and N-compounds, that may exist in the MD as well as high concentrations of alkalinity produced during the remediation process. The invention further extends to a process for treating MD and/or environmental media contaminated with MD and to an apparatus for use in this process.

A method for removal and recovery of phosphorus includes a precipitation step for precipitating phosphorus from a liquid stream comprising at most 30 mg of phosphorus per litre and at most than 50 mg of suspended solids per litre, using a precipitation agent, to form a precipitate, to form a precipitate; a first separation step for separating the precipitate from the liquid stream; a dissolution step for dissolving the precipitate in phosphoric acid to obtain a first solution; and a second separation step for separating the phosphoric acid and the precipitation agent.

A polymeric hybrid particle or composition comprising of polymers, such as polystyrene or methylated polystyrenes with cyclic amines and their halogenated forms, and nanoparticles (NPs). The method for the preparation thereof and uses as nano-adsorbent, or a biocide, or a dual function combination of biocide and adsorbent for use in a fluid system for the purpose of purification or remediation are also disclosed.

A biopellet reactor for marine aquariums. The invention is functionally dependent upon a unique fluidizing plate located between the water inlet port at the base and the media reaction chamber above. This fluidizing plate converts the upward momentum of the incoming water stream into a cyclonic flow in the reaction chamber. This cyclonic flow completely suspends and fluidizes the biopellets within the reaction chamber

Pond filter unit and a method for operating a pond filter unit (1). A control unit (12) controls the operation of the pond filter unit (1), including the cleaning cycle of the filter (2′, 2″, 2′″). The pond filter unit (1) further comprises one or more plugs (14) for connecting one or more auxiliary devices, such as a separate pump, one or more additional pond filter units, illumination devices/lamps, air pumps, and/or feed automats. The control unit (12) of the pond filter further controls the one or more auxiliary devices connected to the plugs (14), such as pumps, air pumps, automatic feeding devices based on input settings for each of the one or more auxiliary devices. The control unit (12) further controls the cleaning cycle for cleaning of the filter (2) in the vessel (3). The cleaning cycle comprises a sequence of backwash and/or a mechanical filter cleaning sequence where a filter cleaning motor unit (6) rotates the filter cleaning device (7) in the vessel. During backwash, the valve (8) directs the water to the waste water outlet (11). The filter unit allows to control the one or more auxiliary devices by the pond filter control unit (12), and to coordinate the control of the additional devices in relation to the control of the filter.

The present invention includes a novel salt-free water softening method that utilizes an exchange medium (such as a gel exchange polymer, a macroporous exchange polymer, or an inorganic cation exchanger) that is pre-loaded with a polyvalent cation that has low solubility in aqueous phase at nearly neutral pH. The method of the invention does not require use of a sodium salt or mineral acid in the regeneration of the exchange medium.

In an apparatus for treating wastewater, e.g sewage water, the water passes through a standard treatment process stream to promote production of dissolved reactive phosphate ions (PO4). Iron (or aluminum) ions are generated by electrochemical means and added to the process stream at one or more locations to produce metal-P coagulant solids removed in part by pump-out, with the substantial remaining P removed by mineralization and filtration in a biological filter such as a sand filter or leach field. In another apparatus, the water passes through a standard aerobic treatment process stream to promote production of dissolved reactive phosphate ions. Iron (or aluminum) ions are generated by electrochemical means and added to the process stream at one or more locations to produce a flocculant of Fe—P minerals that are separated out by sedimentation, physical filtration or magnetic means.

Methods for removing one or more contaminants from an aqueous stream comprising: adding one or more hydraulic binders and one or more promoters to the aqueous stream, and separating the contaminants from the aqueous stream are provided. The methods may be used for removing contaminants that are arsenic-based, selenium-based, cadmium-based, zinc-based, mercury-based, iron-based, chromium-based and/or phosphate-based.

According to present disclosure, there is disclosed an algae growth and cultivation system that provides a cost-efficient means of producing algae biomass as feedstock for algae-based products, such as, biofuel manufacture, and desirably impacts alternative/renewable energy production, nutrient recovery from waste streams, and valued byproducts production. The system as discussed herein is an integrated systems approach to wastewater treatment, algal strains selection for byproducts production, and recycle of algal-oil extraction waste or additional algae harvested as feedstock for fertilizer production. Embodiments of a system as discussed herein present an economically viable algae production system and process that allows algae-derived products such as biofuels, fertilizer, etc. to compete with petroleum products in the marketplace.

A combined logic control circuit and a sewage treatment system are provided. The combined logic control circuit includes: at least one signal input component, a control component and at least one signal output component; each signal input component transmits at least one path of first communication signal in a photoelectric isolated manner and converts the first communication signal into a second communication signal; the control component generates at least one path of first control signal according to the at least one path of second communication signal; and each signal output component processes one path of the first control signal to control at least one external electrical device, thereby implementing a particular circuit function; and the power switch component provides power supply to the various circuit components in a photoelectric isolated manner.