A specially functionalized composite filter material with a high specific surface area is used to adsorb PFAs from potable water. In a preferred embodiment, the base filter material is granular activated carbon (GAC), which is sequentially coated with a thin layer of polydopamine, a thin layer of partially oxidized iron, and a thin coating of octadecylamine. After PFAs are adsorbed onto the coated GAC particles, the PFAs are removed by a rinsing process, and remain in the rinse effluent. GAC particles are recovered and recoated as needed to restore their adsorptive capacity. The PFA-containing effluent is treated using photochemical processes to destroy the PFA molecules. The now PFA-free effluent can be disposed of as a non-hazardous material. The composite filter material works in systems ranging from small passive systems for personal use to large scale, high-flow-rate utility water treatment systems.

An apparatus and method isolating ion generation from target metal precipitation and flocculation rely on an ion generator and a precipitation reactor distinct, separated, optimized, and otherwise independent, so no co-habitation of ion generation and precipitation, nor their flow regimes, is permitted. Plug flow is hyper turbulent in the ion generator. Flow is quiescent to laminar the precipitator. Coating sacrificial anodes is avoided by not over driving currents for ionization at the anode. Control of electrical resistance across flows of very high TDS (over 200 kppm, often over 225 kppm) is accomplished by selectively masking a portion of the anode, cathode, or both of such electrodes. Masks may be dielectric films or layers, such as plastic sheets or tubes, or curtains of bubbles injected into the flow near an electrode.

In an embodiment, a circuit includes: a transformer defining an inductive footprint within a first layer; a grounded shield bounded by the inductive footprint within a second layer separate from the first layer; and a circuit component bounded by the inductive footprint within a third layer separate from the second layer, wherein: the circuit component is coupled with the transformer through the second layer, and the third layer is separated from the first layer by the second layer.

The present invention is a water treatment agent containing (a) a polyalkylene oxide with a weight average molecular weight of 500,000 or more and (b) an inorganic flocculating agent.

The present invention is a water treatment agent containing (a) a polymeric flocculating agent, (b) an inorganic flocculating agent and (c) a surfactant, wherein the water treatment agent contains (c) in an amount of more than 50 parts by mass and 10,000 parts by mass or less relative to 1,000 parts by mass of (b).

The present invention relates to composite beads coated with H-Birnessite layered manganese oxide with a sheet nanostructure, the average thickness of the sheets being between 1 and 50 nm, and the length L of the sheets being between 0.2 μm and 3 μm, as well as the manufacturing method thereof and a cell for producing said composite beads. The present invention also relates to the use of such beads in treatments for decontaminating fluids containing toxic elements such as heavy metals or organic pollutants.

A system for remediation of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) has a multiplicity of β-cyclodextrins (β-CDs) and/or modified β-CDs combined with a vehicle additive, and a delivery device. Modified β-CDs can contain a single amine functionality at a single primary carbon or single secondary carbon of the β-CD. The vehicle additive can be powdered activated carbon (PAC). The delivery device is a column, a pouch, a packet, or a sheet that can permit the contacting of a fluid environment with the β-CDs and vehicle additive. The system of remediation can be used for a fluid environment or for biological organisms. CD-based fluorescent sensors can detect PFASs in the environment.

A method for removing recalcitrant organic compounds from water includes exposing water to an oxidizing agent, thereby reducing an amount of at least some classes of dissolved organic matter in the water and adsorbing at least some of the remaining dissolved organic matter in the water onto a porous adsorbent, resulting in adsorbed organic matter on the porous adsorbent. The method includes thermally treating the adsorbed organic matter on the porous adsorbent to remove and degrade the adsorbed organic matter.

A portable small water turbine with activated carbon water filter that has material available to conduct the removal of the ionic surfactants of polluted water from seas and rivers. The portable small water turbine is placed inside a mini boat that is remote controlled. The mini boat (similar to adult/kids RC toy boat) is being drop-off and pick up from the sea, rivers, by a drone. The activated carbon water filter tube contain carbon pads composed of mantle peridotite carbon mineralization based activated carbon.

The invention corresponds to a composition for the treatment of polluted water and the method for the corresponding water treatment, wherein the composition comprises a flocculant, a stabilizer, an algaecide and further comprising chelator, disinfectant and oxygenator, wherein after diluting the composition in polluted water under certain stirring conditions, a water with properties of total hardness, total chlorine, total bromine, free chlorine, pH, alkalinity and cyanuric acid of a potable water is obtained.