A method for producing new nanomaterials, 80 to 100 mol % of which are composed of TiO.sub.2 and 0 to 20 mol % are composed of another metal or semi-metal oxide that has a specific surface of 100 to 300 m.sup.2.Math.g.sup.1 and 1 to 3 hydroxyl groups per nm.sup.2.

This disclosure concerns a system for purifying contaminated water and a method for using the system. More specifically, the invention concerns removing contaminants, such as those introduced by fracking, from a contaminated water.

A decontamination method for subsurface aquifers having per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) contaminants by injecting gas through a screened well or open tube through a porous media to form buoyant material where the PFAS contaminants accumulate on and/or in the buoyant material and rise to the water table or top of the aquifer with PFAS that desorbs from the buoyant material and concentrates in the shallow groundwater, and extracting or sequestering the groundwater near the water table or top of the confined aquifer and/or collecting the buoyant material for treatment. The method may include treatment of aquifer material consisting of gravel, sand, silt, clay, or fractured geologic media, or combination, and extraction through phytoremediation, groundwater extraction wells, wellpoint systems, or groundwater extraction trenches and include a seal and/or check valve near the water table in the trench to selectively permit water and buoyant material to flow upward.

The invention relates to composite compositions including a carbonaceous material and a photocatalyst. The invention includes compositions and various methods, including methods for removing one or more contaminants from a substance such as air, soil, and water.

An advanced oxidation water treatment system includes an ozone reaction tank; a first hydrogen peroxide supplier which supplies hydrogen peroxide to treatment water in a supply line supplying the treatment water to the ozone reaction tank; an ozone generator which generates and supplies an ozonized gas containing ozone to the ozone reaction tank; a second hydrogen peroxide supplier which can supply additional hydrogen peroxide to the ozone reaction tank downstream of where the ozonized gas is supplied; a meter which measures water quality of the treatment water at a location downstream of where the ozonized gas is supplied; and a controller which determines whether and how much additional hydrogen peroxide is to be supplied by the second hydrogen peroxide supplier based on the water quality measured by the meter, and to control the second hydrogen peroxide supplier accordingly.

This disclosure provides a water purification system for recovery of purified water from liquid wastewater. The liquid wastewater is converted to a contaminated gas stream using a water distillation technique. The contaminated gas stream is passed through a gas phase photolytic oxidation reaction chamber. An ultraviolet (UV) source in the gas phase photolytic oxidation reaction chamber exposes the contaminated gas stream to UV radiation to remove various contaminants in the gas phase and/or biological pathogens. The gas phase photolytic oxidation reaction chamber forms a purified gas stream from the contaminated gas stream, where the purified gas stream contains water vapor and is substantially free of contaminants. In some embodiments, an ionomer membrane may be placed downstream of a source of the liquid wastewater and upstream of the gas phase photolytic oxidation reaction chamber to treat the contaminated gas stream prior to UV exposure.

An asymmetric system containing a first conductive polymer modified with a redox active moiety and a second conductive polymer modified with a surfactant is used for the separation of organic compounds from aqueous solutions. The asymmetric system has complementary hydrophobicity tunability in response to electrochemical modulations. For example, both materials are hydrophobic in their respective neutral states, therefore exhibiting affinity toward organic compounds. Application of a mild potential drives the desorption of the organic compounds and regeneration of the materials. The asymmetric system can be used in a cyclic fashion, through repeated electrical discharge or shorting of the two electrodes to program the capture of organics from a feed solution, and application of a potential to stimulate the release of the adsorbed organics.

Embodiments of the present invention are directed to methods and systems for treating irrigation water by introducing a propagating electromagnetic field into the irrigation water as it flows through an irrigation system. The treatments described herein may have a variety of beneficial effects on the water, including a significant increase in the percentage of the water that is maintained in the root zone of a given crop as plant-available water and the essential mineral, e.g. calcium and/or magnesium, uptake of that crop.

Various aspects described herein relate to electrochemical devices, e.g., for separation of one or more target organic or inorganic molecules (e.g., charged or neutral molecules) from solution, and methods of using the same. In particular embodiments, the electrochemical devices and methods described herein involve at least one redox-functionalized electrode, wherein the electrode comprises an immobilized redox-species that is selective toward a target molecule (e.g., charged molecule such as ion or netural molecule). The selectivity is based on a Faradaic/redox-activated chemical interaction (e.g., directional hydrogen binding) between the oxidized state of the redox species and a moiety of the target molecule (e.g., charged molecule such as ion or netural molecule).

Processes, methods, and systems are disclosed for treatment and removal of peracetic acid (PAA), quaternary ammonia compounds (Quat), hydrogen peroxide, chlorine, chloramines, chlorinated organics, surfactants, and other such chemicals from wastewater pretreatment processes typically employed by livestock processing, meat processing, and/or food processing plants that generate wastewater outflows. Treatment and/or removal of these chemicals commonly found in such wastewater allows the further treatment of the wastewater downstream by commonly employed biological wastewater treatment processes such as anaerobic, anoxic, or aerobic suspended growth activated sludge processes; anaerobic, anoxic, or aerobic fixed growth, IFAS, moving bed bioreactor (MBBR) or Membrane Bioreactor (MBR) processes; anaerobic lagoons; anaerobic fluidized bed or fixed bed processes; and/or, anaerobic sludge digestion processes commonly employed for biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) removal, ammonia removal, total nitrogen removal, and/or phosphorus removal.