The invention is directed to a system and method of reducing, reacting, and/or removing an oxidant or unwanted chemical species from a chemical stream. Particularly, the system and method include the use of one or more reductants that react with the undesired chemical species. The reductant and the chemical stream are added to a reactor and allowed to react for a desired amount of time. The reductant will reduce, react with, and/or remove the chemical species from the stream. The excess reductant and reaction products are then removed from the reactor, as described in more detail herein below.

The present invention provides a separation membrane that allows a separation functional layer to have less defects and that inhibits a flux of a permeation fluid from decreasing. A separation membrane of the present invention includes a separation functional layer, an interlayer, and a porous support member in this order in a stacking direction. The interlayer has a thickness of 0.1 μm to 2.5 μm. A total value of the thickness of the interlayer and a thickness of the separation functional layer is less than 4.0 μm. The interlayer contains a polymer compound, for example. A distance Ra between a Hansen solubility parameter of the polymer compound and a Hansen solubility parameter of H.sub.2O is less than 19 MPa.sup.1/2, for example.

The present invention discloses a lignin-based hierarchical porous carbon with high specific surface area and preparation method and application thereof. The present invention employs maleic anhydride, acrylic acid, and hypophosphorous acid to modify a lignin, then performs a cross-linking reaction with a glutaraldehyde-triethanolamine condensate to prepare a lignin graft-copolymerized by phosphino carboxylic acid copolymer, and then dropwise adding a soluble calcium salt solution and a soluble carbonate solution into the lignin graft-copolymerized by phosphino carboxylic acid copolymer dispersion successively, co-precipitates to prepare a lignin/nano CaCO.sub.3 complex, finally obtains a lignin-based hierarchical porous carbon with high specific surface area through carbonizing at a high temperature. The preparation method of the present invention may enable nano CaCO.sub.3 to be uniformly and stably dispersed in a three-dimensional network structure of the lignin graft-copolymerized by phosphino carboxylic acid copolymer, realizing full and uniform complexation of the lignin with nano CaCO.sub.3.

The present disclosure relates to a phenyl-modified polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) separation membrane, a fabrication method thereof, and a use thereof in the separation of an aromatic compound, and belongs to the technical field of separation membrane materials. A phenyl-modified PDMS separation membrane comprising a substrate layer and a selective layer is provided.

This disclosure concerns a system for purifying contaminated water and a method for using the system. More specifically, the invention concerns removing contaminants, such as those introduced by fracking, from a contaminated water.

A method of degrading 1,4-dioxane in the wastewater produced during the manufacture of alkyl ether sulfates is disclosed. The method includes the steps of (a) mixing from 100 to 10,000 ppm, preferably 1,000 to 4,000 ppm of ozone with the wastewater; (b) introducing H.sub.2O.sub.2 into the wastewater in an amount of 0.01 to 10, preferably 0.1 to 0.5 molar equivalents of H.sub.2O.sub.2 to ozone, and (c) mixing the ozone, H.sub.2O.sub.2, and wastewater to generate hydroxyl radicals reactive with the 1,4-dioxane, without the addition of a metal catalyst. The hydroxyl radicals react with the 1,4-dioxane and degrade it into carbon dioxide, water and/or carbonate. The method is effective to reduce a concentration of 1,4-dioxane in the wastewater from a range of about 10 ppm to about 1000 ppm of dioxane down to less than 5 ppb of 1,4-dioxane after treatment. The method is also effective for removing hydrocarbon species that may be present in the wastewater.

A system and method for removing and destroying PFAS from residual waste streams generated during the processing of landfill liquids prior to disposal are provided. The presently disclosed system and method can concentrate PFAS from landfill liquids into a residual waste stream so that the target compounds can be selectively removed for subsequent destruction.

A method of removing chemical contaminants from a composition comprising an active, a solvent, and a contaminant can include providing an initial feed supply, wherein the initial feed supply comprises the active, the solvent, and the contaminant, wherein the contaminant can include 1,4 dioxane, dimethyl dioxane, or a combination thereof; including filtering the initial feed stock through a nanofilter and using reverse osmosis.

The present invention discloses a Bacillus methylotrophicus strain named Bacillus methylotrophicus BP1.1, which was deposited in China Center for Type Culture Collection under Deposit No. CCTCC M 20191078 on Dec. 20, 2019. The present invention further discloses the use of the Bacillus methylotrophicus strain for degrading benzophenone ultraviolet sunscreens. By domesticating the activated sludge of the domestic sewage treatment plant step-by-step, the present invention provides a Bacillus methylotrophicus BP1.1 strain which has high efficiency in removing benzophenone ultraviolet sunscreens in water environment.

Methods and systems for removing or reducing water and producing epoxide. The methods may include providing a first mixture that includes t-butyl hydroperoxide, t-butyl alcohol, and a first amount of water; and contacting at least a portion of the first mixture with a membrane to reduce the amount of water in the first mixture.