The present invention discloses an electrocatalytic Fenton oxidation-electrochemical oxidation coupling process and apparatus for efficient treatment of chemical wastewater, and belongs to the field of sewage treatment. The process includes an electrocatalytic Fenton oxidation step, an electrochemical oxidation step, and a pH adjustment step. A spacing between a cathode and an anode in the electrocatalytic Fenton oxidation step is controlled, so that oxygen produced at the anode reacts at the cathode to produce H.sub.2O.sub.2. The treatment requirements can be met without external aeration or external addition of H.sub.2O.sub.2, and meanwhile, the efficiency of COD removal by electro-Fenton oxidation is effectively improved. Further, by connecting a pH adjusting tank with the electrocatalytic Fenton oxidation-electrochemical oxidation coupling apparatus in series, a coupling treatment process with near-zero production of iron sludge is realized

An insoluble thin hydroxide shell is synthesized on the surface of nanoscale zero-valent iron (NZVI), using a rate-controlled deprotonation method. The hydroxide coated NZVI remains suspended in aqueous phase better than the prior art and can be used to remove groundwater contaminants.

An electrochemical device for purifying a fluid, for example wastewater or sludge, includes an electrochemical filtering membrane, including a metallic support, for example chosen from a screen, a fabric or an open-pore foam, the support being permeable to the fluid, a coating layer of the support including a titanium oxide of general formula TiOx, with x between 1.5 and 1.9.

Water treatment systems are disclosed. The system includes an electrochemical cell having an inlet and an outlet, a cathode comprising a catalytic material for electrochemical generation of persulfate free radicals, and an anode, a source of a persulfate positioned upstream of the electrochemical cell, first contaminant concentration sensor positioned upstream of the electrochemical cell, and a controller operatively coupled to receive one or more input signals from at least the first contaminant concentration sensor. Methods of treating water using the electrochemical cell disclosed herein are disclosed. Methods of facilitating water treatment by providing the electrochemical cell disclosed herein are disclosed. Methods of retrofitting a water treatment system having an AOP by providing the electrochemical cell disclosed herein are disclosed.

According to one embodiment, an amine-containing water concentration system includes an osmotic pressure generator and a carbon dioxide introducing unit. The osmotic pressure generator includes a treatment vessel, a first chamber to which the water to be treated is supplied, a second chamber capable of storing a working medium, and a semipermeable membrane that partitions the first chamber and the second chamber, which are located in the treatment vessel. The carbon dioxide introducing unit is capable of introducing carbon dioxide into the water to be treated.

A method for treating effluents containing nitrogen in the form of ammonium, implementing chemical reactions for oxidizing and reducing the nitrogen in a sequencing batch reactor, the method including: introducing a volume of effluents to be treated into the reactor, injecting oxygen or air into the reactor for partial oxidation of the ammonium into nitrites and/or nitrates, interrupting the injection of oxygen or air, thus producing gaseous nitrogen, depositing the sludge at the bottom of the reactor and clarifying the content of the reactor close to the surface of same, discharging a clarified fraction of the content of the reactor. The draining and feeding steps occur simultaneously. During the feeding step, the volume of effluents is introduced close to the bottom of the reactor. During the draining step, the clarified fraction of the content of the reactor is discharged close to the surface of the content of the reactor.

An apparatus includes an atomizer with a first flow member defining a first flow path and a second flow member defining a second flow path such that a solution and an inlet gas can flow in the first and second flow path to a mixing volume defined by the first flow member. A vane of the second flow member redirects a portion of at least one of a tangential velocity component or a circumferential velocity component of the flow to produce a rotational velocity component therein. The solution and the inlet gas mix within the mixing volume to produce a mixture. A separator is fluidically coupled to the second flow member to receive the mixture. The separator produces a first flow including a vaporized portion of a solvent from the solution and a second flow including a liquid portion of the solvent and a solute from the solution.

The present invention provides a process for working up alkaline waste water which is formed during washing of crude nitrobenzene obtained by nitration of benzene, wherein (i) the alkaline waste water is heated to a temperature of from 150° C. to 500° C. under an increased pressure with respect to atmospheric pressure with exclusion of oxygen; (ii) a base is added to the waste water obtained in (i); and (iii) the waste water obtained in (ii) is purified further by stripping with a stripping gas and the stripping gas stream loaded with impurities is then cooled to a temperature of from 10° C. to 60° C.

The invention relates to a process for working up alkaline waste water which is formed during washing of crude nitrobenzene obtained by nitration of benzene, wherein (i) the alkaline waste water is heated under an increased pressure with respect to atmospheric pressure with exclusion of oxygen and is then cooled and expanded; (ii) the waste water obtained in (i) is purified further by stripping with a stripping gas and the stripping gas stream loaded with impurities is then cooled to a temperature of from 10° C. to 60° C.; and (iii) the liquid process product obtained in (ii) by cooling the stripping gas stream loaded with impurities is separated into an aqueous and an organic phase and the organic phase is used further in an aniline production process.

The present invention relates to a method for reducing the aniline content of hypersaline wastewater, said method comprising the steps of (a) providing a composition A comprising hypersaline wastewater and aniline, and (b) contacting composition A with cells of at least one halophilic microbial strain, thereby generating a composition B comprising said composition A and cells of said at least one halophilic microbial strain. The present invention further concerns a method for the production of chlorine and sodium hydroxide. Further encompassed by the present invention is a composition comprising hypersaline wastewater, aniline, and cells of at least one halophilic microbial strain.