A method for desalination of hot supersaturated water having a temperature of between 40° C. and 80°, includes contacting the hot water with a reverse osmosis membrane which is resistant to temperatures of between 40 and 80° C. without a prior cooling step.

A system and method treat oilfield produced water by two-stages of hazardous sulfide treatments. In an embodiment, a two-stage oil and gas field produced water treatment system includes an oil removal vessel. The oilfield produced water is introduced to the oil removal vessel. The oil removal vessel removes a portion of the hydrocarbons from the oilfield produced water to provide a reduced oil produced water. In addition, the system includes an iron sponge. The reduced oil produced water is introduced to the iron sponge, and the iron sponge removes a portion of the hazardous sulfides from the reduced oil produced water to provide a reduced sulfide produced water. The system also includes a stabilized sodium percarbonate solution. The stabilized sodium percarbonate solution is mixed with the reduced sulfide produced water to remove a portion of the hazardous sulfides from the reduced sulfide produced water to provide a treated produced water.

A method for degrading artificial sweeteners from sewage, the method including: 1) introducing sewage to a secondary sedimentation tank and precipitating sediments; 2) collecting a supernatant from the secondary sedimentation tank, adding a NaOH solution or a perchloric acid solution to regulate the pH; adding an H.sub.2O.sub.2 solution to the supernatant to adjust a ratio of a molar concentration of H.sub.2O.sub.2 to a molar concentration of the sweetener in the resulting mixed solution to be between 1:1 and 30:1; transferring the resulting mixed solution to a photoreactor, irradiating the mixed solution by ultraviolet light, and stirring the mixed solution for between 5 and 30 min; and adding a 1.5% w/w aqueous NaNO.sub.2 solution to the mixed solution; and 3) collecting and analyzing an effluent obtained from 2), contacting the effluent with ClO.sub.2 for reaction in a disinfecting tank, and discharging the product.

Cysteine synthase enzymes (e.g. O-Acetyl-L-Serine Sulfhydrylase enzymes) may be used in combination with sulfide quinone reductase enzymes in additive compositions, fluid compositions, and methods for decreasing or removing hydrogen sulfide from recovered downhole fluids and/or the subterranean reservoir wellbore from which the downhole fluid was recovered. The fluid composition may include at least one cysteine synthase enzyme with at least one sulfide quinone reductase, and a base fluid, such as a water-based fluid, an organic-based fluid, and combinations thereof.

The present invention provides a method of reducing and controlling a hazardous substance in a process of high-value biological conversion of an urban organic waste. The method includes: 1) mixing a sludge, a first urban organic waste and an organic acid with water for acclimation to obtain an acclimatized sludge; 2) stage 1 of biological conversion: mixing the acclimatized sludge with a second urban organic waste to perform anaerobic culture; 3) stage 2 of biological conversion: adding nitrate and bacteria to continue anaerobic culture so as to obtain an organic acid. In the present invention, sludge microbes are acclimatized and then added to high-value chemicals such as acetic acid, propanoic acid and lactic acid prepared in biological conversion of the urban organic waste and then added with bacteria. Thus, by controlling pH value, microbe addition amount and nitrate concentration, the unfavorable effect of the antibiotics and heavy metal ions.

A specially functionalized composite filter material with a high specific surface area is used to adsorb PFAs from potable water. In a preferred embodiment, the base filter material is granular activated carbon (GAC), which is sequentially coated with a thin layer of polydopamine, a thin layer of partially oxidized iron, and a thin coating of octadecylamine. After PFAs are adsorbed onto the coated GAC particles, the PFAs are removed by a rinsing process, and remain in the rinse effluent. GAC particles are recovered and recoated as needed to restore their adsorptive capacity. The PFA-containing effluent is treated using photochemical processes to destroy the PFA molecules. The now PFA-free effluent can be disposed of as a non-hazardous material. The composite filter material works in systems ranging from small passive systems for personal use to large scale, high-flow-rate utility water treatment systems.

The present invention relates to a method for preparing a simply prepared, safe, nontoxic, and biodegradable modified starch; the present invention further relates to use thereof as an adsorbent in adsorbing heavy metal ions and organic compounds, and belongs to the technical field of modified starch material. Starch is used as raw material and modified with thiourea and tungsten chloride; the starch binds to heavy metal ions through a series of coordination or chelation, and thus produces a heavy metal ion adsorption effect; a starch-based carbon composite is prepared, i.e., a modified starch composite. The simply prepared, environmentally friendly, and recyclable modified starch adsorbent with excellent performance and higher practical value effectively removes He ions and such organic compounds as methylene blue from the wastewater; the modified starch adsorbent is expected to develop into a novel water treatment agent due to low loss rate, biodegradability, and recyclability.

An above-ground low-energy method of dewatering highly contaminated waste e.g. leachate contaminated with at least a first group of contaminants and PFAS is described. The method comprises the step of removing the PFAS before removing the first group of contaminants. The removal of PFAS is undertaken by actively aerating the contaminated waste comprising PFAS to produce a waste stream comprising a concentration of PFAS and a liquid stream having at least some of the first group of contaminants. The one or more liquid streams are separated from the waste streams so as to dewater the contaminated waste. Optionally, the liquid streams are treated to remove the first group of contaminants.

Production of decontaminated water from contaminated water using a vessel, an inlet to the vessel wherein the contaminated water is introduced into the vessel, an outlet to the vessel wherein the decontaminated water is removed from the vessel, a plasmonic-photocatalyst membrane connected to the vessel, plasmonic nanoparticles or nanostructures connected to the plasmonic-photocatalyst membrane, and a source of ultraviolet light that directs ultraviolet light onto the vessel, the plasmonic-photocatalyst membrane, the plasmonic nanoparticles or nanostructures, and the contaminated water to produce the decontaminated water from the contaminated water.

The present disclosure relates to a process, a system and a use for removing micropollutants (1) in liquid (2). The process comprises providing liquid (2) to a container (3) adapted to hold a liquid and/or a gas, providing magnetic activated carbon (4), mixing it, separating the magnetic activated carbon (4) using a magnetic separator (5), removing between 1 and 100% of the separated used magnetic activated carbon (4), removing the liquid (2), providing new liquid (2) to the container (3), providing the used magnetic activated carbon (4) to the container (3), adding between 1 and 100% of unused magnetic activated carbon (4), repeating the mixing and separation steps at least one time. The process allows for control of several parameters, such as the flow rate of the liquid, dosage of MAC and ratio used/unused MAC required to remove micropollutants from the liquid.