Nonylphenol ethoxylates (NPEs) have been used as surfactants in a wide variety of household products and industrial applications. Despite their effectiveness as surfactants, NPEs can accumulate in the environment and adversely affect aquatic organisms. The dispersants of the present disclosure can be used to disperse oil and/or microbes while avoiding the adverse effects of NPEs. Oil and microbial fouling is of particular concern in refinery cooling towers where the water may be contaminated with oil and microbial growth can cause cooling inefficiencies among other problems. The dispersant may include an oil dispersant comprising a C.sub.6-C.sub.20 alcohol ethoxylate, a bio-dispersant comprising a copolymer of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, and 2-butoxyethanol. The oil dispersant, the bio-dispersant, and the 2-butoxyethanol form a dispersant solution, and the solution does not include a nonylphenol ethoxylate.

A system is provided that utilizes electromagnetic energy for bacteria elimination from cooling systems, such as water cooling tower systems that are used to cool down a heat exchanger in oil industry and it can be also extended to be used in the bacteria removal associated to crude oil.

A method of controlling cooling water treatment may involve measuring operating data of one or more downstream heat exchangers that receive cooling water from the cooling tower. For example, the inlet and outlet temperatures of both the hot and cold streams of a downstream heat exchanger may be measured. Data from the streams passing through the heat exchanger may be used to determine a heat transfer efficiency for the heat exchanger. The heat transfer efficiency can be trended over a period of time and changes in the trend detected to identify cooling water fouling issues. Multiple potential causes of the perceived fouling issues can be evaluated to determine a predicted cause. A chemical additive selected to reduce, eliminate, or otherwise control the cooling water fouling can be controlled based on the predicted cause of the fouling.

A method to reduce or eliminate N-heterocycles, the method providing one or more environmentally benign chelators (EBCs) to an aqueous cooling system, the aqueous cooling system having at least one N-heterocycle in the presence of a halogenating or non-halogenating oxidizer. A method to reduce or eliminate AOX, the method providing one or more environmentally benign chelators (EBCs) to an aqueous cooling system, the aqueous cooling system having at least one AOX-containing species in the presence of a halogenating biocide.

A heat exchange system having desired anti-scaling performance and an anti-scaling method thereof are disclosed. The heat exchange system at least comprises a load control unit, a temperature and pressure detection unit and an anti-scaling treatment unit. The heat exchange system conditions bonding ways of water quality in a HVAC chiller unit, an air compressor, a heat exchanger, a cooling unit, or a boiler under a variety of scaling conditions in both field operation and water quality, by integrating the interaction of those units together with the anti-scaling method for simulating water quality that has a water quality limit same as that in field operation. The heat exchange system further integrates with a testing of anti-scaling performance to make water quality no longer charged and lose the reaction power so as to prevent scaling formation, enhance the anti-scaling performance, and ensure operating efficiency and performance.

The present disclosure relates to a cooling tower having a fill media, water distribution system, plenum, and an ultraviolet (UV) light emitter. The water distribution system distributes water to the fill media. A flow of air passes through the fill media and past a flow of the water and out of the cooling tower via an outlet. The plenum is defined by a volume between the fill media and the outlet. The UV light emitter is disposed in the plenum and configured to inactivate or kill organisms in a drift.

Some implementations of the present disclosure prevent, reduce or at least slow equipment fouling using passivation as a treatment prior to contacting metallic components with hydrocarbon containing fluid, that is, an environment where fouling occurs. For example, one implementation includes a method of passivating heat exchangers in a SAGD process or system using the compositions and compounds of the present disclosure. The composition may be applied to a component prior to its first inclusion in an online system or following placing the system offline for maintenance. The composition may be used to treat metallic equipment surface(s), for example, via contacting them with a suspension or solution of the composition described herein, prior placing the system online. The method may further include treatment of the process fluid, for example, via injection or batch treatment of the composition with the compositions described herein into the process fluid.

Provided is a disinfectant against Legionella, including an iron salt as an active ingredient. Examples of the iron salt include ferrous salts such as iron (II) sulfate (ferrous sulfate), and ferric salts such as ammonium iron (III) sulfate (ferric ammonium sulfate). Provided is a method for treating water, including bringing target water into a state in which the target water contains an iron salt or an iron ion, thereby suppressing or inhibiting proliferation of Legionella existing in the target water. The present invention can sterilize and disinfect Legionella existing in, for example, bathtub water and air-conditioning cooling tower water, with high safety and sense of security in a simple and easy manner.

Disclosed herein are corrosion control compositions comprising one or more multiple charged cationic compounds to reduce corrosion of metal surfaces in a water system. The multiple charged cationic compounds are derived from polyamines through a ring-opening reaction with an epoxide or two reactions: an aza-Michael addition with an activated olefin having a cation group and a ring-opening reaction with an epoxide. The disclosed compositions are found to be effective corrosion inhibitors for water systems.

A method for differentially lysing a liquid sample or target material using an augmented oxidizing agent (AOA), which includes a quantity of electronically modified oxygen derivatives (EMODs). The method reduces or eliminates total dissolved solids (TDS), total suspended solids (TSS), Biologic Oxygen Demand (BOD), microbial concentration, biofilms and other content in the liquid target material known or suspected to contain animal fluids, blood and blood cells and suspected or known to contain eukaryotic cells, microbial cells, bacteria, viruses, spores, fungi, prions, organic matter, minerals, proteins or associated structures. The BOD, TDS and TSS can be lowered or eliminated as desired. This action is directly proportional to the quantity of EMODs in the AOS applied to the liquid target material.