This disclosure provides techniques for detecting and/or inhibiting corrosion of a distribution/recirculation network for a fluid, e.g., an aqueous matrix (liquid). For example, the disclosed techniques can be used to measure and/or predict degeneration of pipes, solder joints and various other plumbing fixtures in a water distribution network or heat transfer recirculation network caused as a function of variation in environmental parameters. In one embodiment, a system builds a database by measuring metal corrosion (e.g., from lead or copper pipe, solder joint or other type of plumbing vessel or fixture) and correlating degradation of a layer of protective scale and/or metal concentrations present with measured environmental parameters; later, as conditions vary, the database (or associated correlation weights/values) may be used to predict degradation of scale health and/or corrosion stemming from short and/or long term water conditions, and to effectuate advance mitigation.

This invention effectively suppresses the corrosion fatigue of a boiler evaporation tube that is associated with repeated stress attributed to the presence of a corrosive environment and scales. This method for suppressing corrosion fatigue of a boiler evaporation tube includes maintaining the dissolved oxygen concentration of the boiler water at 1.0 mg/L or less. Preferably deionized water is used for the boiler water and a scale dispersant is present in the boiler water.

A method for differentially lysing a liquid sample or target material using an augmented oxidizing agent (AOA), which includes a quantity of electronically modified oxygen derivatives (EMODs). The method reduces or eliminates total dissolved solids (TDS), total suspended solids (TSS), Biologic Oxygen Demand (BOD), microbial concentration, biofilms and other content in the liquid target material known or suspected to contain animal fluids, blood and blood cells and suspected or known to contain eukaryotic cells, microbial cells, bacteria, viruses, spores, fungi, prions, organic matter, minerals, proteins or associated structures. The BOD, TDS and TSS can be lowered or eliminated as desired. This action is directly proportional to the quantity of EMODs in the AOS applied to the liquid target material.

A drain cleaner apparatus for dispensing a cleaning composition into a condensate drain line of an air handler of an air conditioning system includes an apparatus outlet in fluid communication with an exterior of the drain cleaner apparatus, a dispenser device configured to be actuated to selectively dispense an amount of the cleaning composition through the apparatus outlet, a connector interface, a dispenser device, and a controller. The connector interface detachably couples with a complementary connector interface of a cartridge having a cartridge reservoir configured to hold the cleaning composition, to establish flow communication from the cartridge reservoir to the dispenser device. The dispenser device is between the connector interface and the apparatus outlet. The dispenser device may be actuated to selectively dispense the amount of the cleaning composition from the cartridge reservoir and through the apparatus outlet. The controller may actuate the dispenser device without manual intervention.

A waste water treatment system for removing contaminant chemicals, bacteria and organic matter to reduce the chemical oxygen demand (COD) and the biological oxygen demand (BOD). The system uses thermal energy to remove chemicals that can be oxidized to reduce the COD, and to destroy bacteria and organic matter to reduce the BOD of the treated water. The system can include an expansion chamber and a nozzle to create steam which can be used as thermal energy to heat the waste water and provide the proper treatment to reduce the COD and BOD of the processed waste water.

A digital twin model based operation and optimization of a reverse osmosis plant uses a data processing system to receive data for a reverse osmosis membrane in a plant that with a plurality of assets. The data processing system can determine a level of performance of the membrane based on the data for the membrane input into a model generated with sa topology indicative of one or more relationships and a flow path between the plurality of assets, predict, based on the model and responsive to the level of performance input into an optimization function for the plant, a time at which the level of performance degrades below a threshold, and provide an indication of the time at which the level of performance degrades below the threshold predicted using the optimization function to cause servicing of the membrane used to process the fluid at the plant.

Methods of removing scale and inhibiting scale formation on a surface in an aqueous system are provided that include contacting a surface susceptible to scale formation or having a scale with a solution comprising an amount of a non-decomposed moss effective to remove some or all of the scale or inhibit scale formation on the surface. Methods of inhibiting corrosion on a surface in an aqueous system are provided that include contacting a surface susceptible to corrosion with a solution comprising an amount of a non-decomposed moss effective to inhibit corrosion on the surface.

Disclosed is a water treatment apparatus which can extract clean water by means of the pressure of raw water. The disclosed water treatment apparatus comprises: a filter part which filters raw water; a storage part which stores clean water filtered by passing through at least a part of the filter part, the storage part having a first chamber and a second chamber of which the volume changes according to a change in the volume of the first chamber; an extraction part which is installed so as to provide the filtered clean water to a user; and an air supply part which is installed on a flow path connected to the storage part in order to supply air to either one of the first chamber or the second chamber of the storage part.

An ion exchanger includes a housing and a cartridge. The housing has an inlet port, through which coolant flows in, and an outlet port, through which the coolant flows out. The cartridge is detachably attached to the housing. The cartridge is filled with ion-exchange resin. The ion exchanger is configured to remove ions from the coolant through ion exchange when the coolant flowing in the housing passes through the ion-exchange resin. The cartridge includes a bypass route that causes some of the coolant that has flowed into the housing to bypass the ion-exchange resin and flow to the outlet port.

The invention provides methods and compositions for reducing the amount of water required in an industrial process, especially a bottling process such as beer or beverage manufacturing. The method comprising the steps of: collecting water used to rinse cleaned and/or dirty recycled bottles, spraying the collected water at a food contacting piece of equipment as part of a CIP rinse, and passing the CIP second rinse water into a cooling tower as make-up water. The method allows for the re-use of water already in the system but by being careful where each water stream goes the water does not accumulate contaminants that would damage the cooling tower or foul the bottled product or vessel that is cleaned by CIP method.