In an embodiment, a circuit includes: a transformer defining an inductive footprint within a first layer; a grounded shield bounded by the inductive footprint within a second layer separate from the first layer; and a circuit component bounded by the inductive footprint within a third layer separate from the second layer, wherein: the circuit component is coupled with the transformer through the second layer, and the third layer is separated from the first layer by the second layer.

In some embodiments, a method may include reducing the microbial load in contaminated water of water recycle loops. These water recycling loops may include pulp and paper mills, cooling towers and water loops, evaporation ponds, feedstock processing systems and/or non-potable water systems. The methods may include providing a peracetate oxidant solution. The peracetate solution may include peracetate anions and a peracid. In some embodiments, the peracetate solution may include a pH from about pH 10 to about pH 12. In some embodiments, the peracetate solution has a molar ratio of peracetate anions to peracid ranging from about 60:1 to about 6000:1. In some embodiments, the peracetate solution has a molar ratio of peracetate to hydrogen peroxide of greater than about 16:1. The peracetate solution may provide bleaching, sanitizing and/or disinfection of contaminated water and surfaces. The peracetate oxidant solution may provide enhanced separation of microbes from contaminated water.

An MOFs/MIPs catalyst, an in situ growth preparation method for same, and applications thereof are provided. The method comprises: uniformly mixing template molecules, a functional monomer, and a pore-foaming agent and performing a prepolymerization to produce a prepolymerization reaction product; uniformly mixing a cross-linking agent, an initiator, and the prepolymerization reaction product, heating, eluting the template molecules via a Soxhlet extraction, and drying to produce an imprinted polymer; uniformly mixing dimethylformamide, 2,5-dihydroxyterephthalic acid, ferrous chloride, water, methanol, and the imprinted polymer, heating, washing, using methanol for immersion and washing, and drying to produce the MOFs/MIPs catalyst.

A method for purification of water with a water purifier. The water purifier includes an anode and a cathode as electrodes in such a way that a gap remains between the anode and the cathode. In the method, an electric field is generated between the anode and the cathode, water for purification is conveyed to the gap and an additive enhancing floc formation is introduced to water for purification or to purified water in an amount of less than 50 g and at least 1 g, measured as dry matter, per each cubic metre of water for purification. Floc material manufactured with the method, when water for purification is municipal wastewater. The use of the floc material produced in this way as a soil conditioner or for manufacturing a soil conditioner.

A treatment system for removing dissolved organic compounds from wastewater, which comprises a water-soluble cationic polymer, and wood-based organic material having an average particle size <10 mm. The invention relates also use of said treatment system for COD removal in the treatment of wastewaters, and a method for removing dissolved organic compounds from wastewater.

The invention relates to compositions comprising microbial strains and methods for use of the compositions in removing pollutants in waste, water, or soil, such as remediating dye and lignin, reducing contaminants, degrading paper (such as flushable or disposable or non-flushable wipes), reducing odor, reducing chemical oxygen demand (COD), and combinations thereof, in the water, the soil, or the waste or for use in administration to animals in the feed or drinking water of the animals. More particularly, the invention relates to compositions of isolated Bacillus strains selected from the group consisting of isolated Bacillus strains Bacillus licheniformis MDG-1000 (NRRL No. B-67888), Bacillus licheniformis MDG-1001 (NRRL No. B-67889), Bacillus subtilis/amyloliquefaciens MDG-8001 (NRRL No. B-67890), Bacillus pumilus MDG-1047 (NRRL No. B-67891), Bacillus amyloliquefaciens MDG1607 (NRRL No. B-67666), Bacillus subtilis MDGV18 (NRRL No. B-67665), Bacillus pumilus MDGV17 (NRRL No. B-67664), Bacillus subtilis MDG-1728 (NRRL No. B-67618), Bacillus megaterium MDG-2705 (NRRL No. B-67619), and strains having all of the identifying characteristics of these strains, and combinations thereof, and methods for use of these strains for removing pollutants in waste, water, or soil, such as remediating dye and lignin, reducing contaminants, degrading paper (such as flushable or disposable or non-flushable wipes), reducing odor, reducing chemical oxygen demand (COD), and combinations thereof, in the water, the soil, or the waste or for use in administration to animals in the feed or drinking water of the animals.

Disclosed are filter aids for use in industrial processes such as metal ore beneficiation dewatering and filtering processes, paper and pulp dewatering processes and sludge dewatering in municipal waste treatment. The filter aid provides increased filtering efficiency, and reduced filter cake moisture levels.

A method of treating an aqueous composition includes immersing a galvanic cell in the aqueous composition to form a treated aqueous composition. The galvanic cell includes an anode including Mg, Al, Fe, Zn, or a combination thereof. The galvanic cell includes a cathode having a different composition than the anode, the cathode including Cu, Ni, Fe, or a combination thereof.

Disclosed herein are a novel chitosan-biochar composite fiber for effective removal of phosphorus from aqueous solutions, a manufacturing method therefor, and a phosphorus adsorbent composition comprising same. Specifically, disclosed are a method for manufacturing a chitosan-biochar composite fiber for removal of phosphorus from aqueous solutions, a chitosan-biochar composite fiber manufactured by the method, and a phosphorus adsorbent composition comprising same, wherein the method comprises the steps of: (1) pyrolyzing paper mill sludge in a carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2) or nitrogen (N.sub.2) gas atmosphere to prepare a biochar; (2) mixing the biochar prepared in step (1) with a chitosan solution, together with FeCl.sub.3.6H.sub.2O, followed by stirring to give a mixture; (3) extruding the mixture in a sodium hydroxide solution with the aid of a needle to gel chitosan; and (4) crosslinking the chitosan gel in a glutaraldehyde solution and rinsing and neutralizing the same to afford a chitosan-biochar composite fiber.

A method of treating an aqueous composition includes immersing a galvanic cell in the aqueous composition to form a treated aqueous composition. The galvanic cell includes an anode including Mg, Al, Fe, Zn, or a combination thereof. The galvanic cell includes a cathode having a different composition than the anode, the cathode including Cu, Ni, Fe, or a combination thereof.