This invention relates generally to a filtration process and apparatus for separating valuable or harmful process liquids from mixtures or slurries that contain such liquids and solid particles. In particular, the invention relates to a filtration process for separating Process Liquid from a feed slurry that comprises a mixture of the Process Liquid and solid particles, the process employing a Sweep Liquid that is less dense than the Process Liquid.

A nanostructured material having a coral reef morphology of nanoflake walls is described. The nanostructured material comprises a Fe(II)/Fe(III) layered double hydroxide intercalated with an azo dye, and a synthesis method is discussed. The nanostructured material may be used to remove a contaminant from a solution by adsorption. The nanostructured material may be cleaned and reused with high adsorption efficiency.

In an embodiment, a circuit includes: a transformer defining an inductive footprint within a first layer; a grounded shield bounded by the inductive footprint within a second layer separate from the first layer; and a circuit component bounded by the inductive footprint within a third layer separate from the second layer, wherein: the circuit component is coupled with the transformer through the second layer, and the third layer is separated from the first layer by the second layer.

Systems, apparatus, and methods for liquid treatment are provided including one or more of disinfection, filtration, and/or purification of the liquid using at least one electromagnetic field (EMF) including two or more specific and/or varying frequencies and pulses, the ENIFs optionally applied to the fluid using one or more of alternating current electricity, counter rotating magnetic fields, and/or oscillating electrical fields of alternating polarity, in order to provide treated liquids for different uses, such as, but not limited to water treatment for drinking or other purposes. Such systems, apparatus, and/or methods for treatment of a liquid optionally include providing systems, apparatus, and methods that are configured for treating water with one or more electromagnetic fields (EMFs) of two or more specific frequencies and pulses, to provide EMF treated liquid.

The present disclosure provides a pharmaceutical waste system for treating a residual pharmaceutical composition disposed in a pharmaceutical dispenser. The pharmaceutical waste system includes an extraction stage, a pharmaceutical dispenser coupler, and a pharmaceutical waste treatment stage. The extraction stage is in fluid communication with the pharmaceutical dispenser and is configured to extract at least a portion of the residual pharmaceutical composition from the pharmaceutical dispenser. The pharmaceutical dispenser coupler is configured to couple the pharmaceutical dispenser to the extraction stage. The pharmaceutical waste treatment stage is in fluid communication with the extraction stage and is configured to change the residual pharmaceutical waste composition extracted from the pharmaceutical dispenser in one of a chemical and physical manner. The present disclosure also provides a method of disposing of a residual pharmaceutical composition from a pharmaceutical dispenser.

Provided is a method for treating ammoniacal nitrogen in wastewater performed via biologically oxidizing ammoniacal nitrogen, and producing nitrite nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen at a desired rate. In the method, ammoniacal nitrogen is oxidized by bacterial sludges to produce at least either of nitrite nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen. Specifically, the method includes an inactivating treatment step of treating the bacterial sludges with an inactivating operation via sterilizing bacteria or causing bacteriostasis, and a nitrifying treatment step of oxidizing the ammoniacal nitrogen by the bacterial sludges thus treated in the inactivating operation. Production amounts of the nitrite nitrogen and the nitrate nitrogen are controlled by adjusting biomass of the bacterial sludges to be treated in the inactivating operation, and/or a time interval between the inactivating operations each repeatedly performed in combination with the nitrifying treatment step.

Methods and systems are described for treating a fluid that includes a particulate fraction and a soluble fraction, such as wastewater fluid including biosolids. The treatment includes biochemically transforming solids in the particulate fraction of the fluid in a biochemical process while simultaneously subjecting the fluid to a vacuum pressure, and evaporating off at least a portion of the soluble fraction of the fluid and thereby thickening a remaining portion of the fluid. A residence time of the particulate fraction can be controlled to be at least 25% greater than a residence time of the soluble fraction, for example. A solids content of the particulate fraction can be controlled to be in a range of from 2% to 99%, for example.

The present disclosure provides methods for treatment utilizing reactive oxygen species generated from peroxydisulfate using a source of visible light. As described herein, the reactive oxygen species generated from peroxydisulfate can be utilized to treat compounds such as pesticides, herbicides, pharmaceuticals, and microorganisms in water such as groundwater, drinking water, or surface water.

The invention is a solidifying tablet and method for disinfecting and solidifying a fluid comprising one or more microorganisms. The disclosed tablet comprises one or more binding agent, solidifying agent, and disinfectant. The tablet can be contacted with a desired liquid (e.g., a liquid comprising bodily fluids and/or a liquid that has medication dissolved therein). Essentially, the disclosed tablet changes the dynamic of the undesired liquid, so that it is decontaminated and in a secure form that is safe to dispose of in the trash.

The present disclosure relates to a method for photocatalytic ozonation reaction, in which the silicon carbide material is used. By using the silicon carbide material for photocatalytic ozonation reaction, the present disclosure overcomes the problem of low photocatalytic efficiency of silicon carbide, utilizes photogenerated electrons therefrom with strong reducibility to reduce ozone molecules to efficiently produce hydroxyl radicals, so as to improve the oxidation capacity in the process. Whether visible light or ultraviolet light is coupled with ozone, the group has strong catalytic activity, moreover, the silicon carbide has low cost and good stability, which prolongs the life of catalyst for photocatalytic ozonation or device.