A membrane-based separation device comprises multiple interconnected flat sheets of membrane bonded to a flexible film. The bonded films are bonded in a way to create an accordion or zig-zag shape. In certain embodiments, the first or upstream layer is affixed to a suitable housing, and the last or most downstream layer is also affixed to the suitable housing. The housing may contain an inlet port for the introduction of sample, and an outlet port for the removal of filtered sample. Flow through the segments is in parallel. Since the membranes are not folded or pleated, higher performance membranes (e.g., polysulfone based membranes with some degree of asymmetry) than those usable in pleated or folded systems can be used.

The present disclosure provides a liquid treatment method and apparatus according to which poorly treated liquid is prevented from being discharged to the outside thereof. The liquid treatment apparatus of the present disclosure comprises a channel switch, a return channel that establishes communication between the channel switch and an internal space of a first tank, and a discharge channel that establishes communication between the channel switch and the outside of the liquid treatment apparatus. In the circulation state, the liquid mixture is circulated in the liquid treatment apparatus so as to return a liquid to the first tank through the return channel. If a concentration of the photocatalyst particles contained in the first tank falls within a predetermined range, the channel switch is switched from the circulation state to the discharge state to discharge the liquid to the outside of the liquid treatment apparatus.

The invention relates to cold temperature-resistant microbials for use in waste water treatment. More particularly, the invention relates to isolated Bacillus strains ALG and DRT, and strains having all of the identifying characteristics of these strains, and combinations thereof, for a use comprising the above-mentioned use.

A process for producing a polyaluminum chlorosulfate (PACS) includes providing solid aluminum hydroxychloride, providing aluminum sulfate, mixing the solid aluminum hydroxychloride with the aluminum sulfate, in the presence of water, to form an aqueous milky suspension, wherein, on a dry weight basis, the ratio of the aluminum hydroxychloride to the aluminum sulfate is 0.75-20 parts aluminum hydroxychloride to 1 part aluminum sulfate, and maintaining the milky suspension for a period sufficient to allow the milky suspension to form a clear to slightly turbid solution including the PACS, the PACS having a basicity of 55 to 75%, the average molecular weight of the PACS is greater than or equal to 95 and less than or equal to 111, and salts present in the PACS comprise 0-1.0% sodium chloride by weight and 0-1.0% sodium sulfate by weight.

Methods for clarifying water, reducing turbidity of water, and removing phosphate from water include adding a water treatment composition having an aluminum-containing coagulant, and a natural non-charged polysaccharide, such as guar. The aluminum-containing compound can include polyaluminum chloride, aluminum chlorohydrate, polyaluminum chlorohydrate, aluminum sulfate, sodium aluminate, polyaluminum sulfate, polyaluminum silicate chloride, polyaluminum silicate sulfate, or a combination thereof.

A filtration membrane including a first layer having a triamine-functionalized polysilicate mesoporous material, a second layer including a polysulfone; and a third layer including a polyester terephthalate is described. An orthosilicate group of the triamine-functionalized polysilicate mesoporous material is bonded to a silicon atom of a silicon-containing triamine to form a triamine-functionalized polysilicate backbone, wherein the silicon-containing triamine and one or more tetramines are covalently crosslinked with terephthaloyl chloride to form a polyamide, and wherein the triamine-functionalized polysilicate mesoporous material has a hierarchical structure of MCM-41. The membrane is adapted for use selected from the use group consisting of oil and water separation, water treatment, desalination, and pharmaceutical filtration.

Methods for clarifying water, reducing turbidity of water, and removing phosphate from water include adding a water treatment composition having an aluminum-containing coagulant, and a natural non-charged polysaccharide, such as guar. The aluminum-containing compound can include polyaluminum chloride, aluminum chlorohydrate, polyaluminum chlorohydrate, aluminum sulfate, sodium aluminate, polyaluminum sulfate, polyaluminum silicate chloride, polyaluminum silicate sulfate, or a combination thereof.

The invention relates to a heavy metal-antibiotic multiple resistant bacteria and its application, which belongs to the field of microbial remediation technology. The heavy metal-antibiotic multiple resistant bacteria described in this paper is Rossellomorea oryzaecorticis ZC255, which is preserved at China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center on Jun. 12, 2023, the biological preservation number is CGMCC No. 27617. This strain not only has high activity, simple culture method and strong adaptability, but also can survive in solid medium with high concentration of heavy metals and antibiotics. It also has excellent metal tolerance; it can effectively degrade a variety of antibiotics and can be applied to the remediation of heavy metal-contaminated or antibiotic-contaminated or heavy metal and antibiotic-contaminated water or soil. In addition, it has the advantages of large adsorption capacity, low cost, high efficiency, good effect and no secondary pollution.

A process in which a waste stream containing microbes and organic constituents is passed through a process environment comprising a solid media, microbes, and higher animals, such that some of the microbes and/or organic constituents within the waste stream are removed from the waste stream and some of the removed microbes are destroyed or consumed by the higher animals. The process environment may include an irrigated environment, a submerged environment, or a combined environment.

Processes are provided which utilize fiber conduit reactors/contactors to effect extraction from a fluid stream, particularly a fermentation broth, a waste stream of a fermentation process, a fluid comprising a dye, or a fluid comprising a pharmaceutical compound. In particular, methods are provided which include introducing a first stream comprising an extractant and a second stream which is substantially immiscible with the first stream into a conduit reactor proximate a plurality of fibers. The streams are introduced into the conduit reactor such that they are in contact with each other and the extractant of the first stream interacts with the second stream to extract a fermentation product, a fermentation byproduct, a dye or a pharmaceutical compound from the second stream into the first stream. The method further includes receiving the first and second streams in collection vessel/s and withdrawing separately the first and second streams from collection vessel/s.