A light emitting module including a light source configured to irradiate ultraviolet light, a board on which the light source is disposed, a tube accommodating the board and including a transparent region to transmit the ultraviolet light emitted from the light source, a first base coupled to one side of the tube, a second base coupled to the other side of the tube, a fixation groove disposed in the tube and connected to at least one of the first and second bases, in which the board is coupled to be inserted into the fixation groove, and the fixation groove is spaced apart from a center of the first base when viewed in a cross-section perpendicular to a length direction of the tube.

According to an embodiment, an ultraviolet (UV) irradiation apparatus includes a treatment tank, a UV irradiation member, a UV sensor, and an air outlet unit. The air outlet unit is connected to an air outlet hole provided at a position higher than a horizontal plane that passes through the UV sensor, and is provided to release, to the outside of the treatment tank, through the air outlet hole, air that accumulates inside the treatment tank when the treated waterlasses through the inside of the treatment tank.

An ultraviolet irradiation apparatus includes: a first substrate; a second substrate; electrodes disposed directly or indirectly on the first substrate; a dielectric layer covering the electrodes; a sealant joining together the first and second substrates; a light-emitting layer that is disposed directly or indirectly on the dielectric layer and/or a surface of the second substrate; and a reaction vessel disposed directly or indirectly on a surface of the second substrate. The reaction vessel includes a tubular structure, an inlet channel and an outlet channel. The tubular structure has a ratio ha/hc of 5 to 10, where ha is a diameter of a circle inscribed in an inner bottom surface of the tubular structure, and hc is an inner height of the tubular structure.

An apparatus for disinfecting fluid flowing through a reactor with ultraviolet (UV) light emitted from a light source assembly. The apparatus includes a housing, light source, inlet, and outlet. The inlet and the outlet are positioned on the housing such that flow of fluid through the housing creates a spiral flow path. In an embodiment, the outlet is located in an outer half of the radius of the housing and directs the flow of the fluid into the housing in a direction circumferential with respect to a cylindrical wall of the housing.

Methods, systems and devices for PFAS destruction including adding a sulfite salt to an aqueous solution containing PFAS and then irradiating the aqueous solution with light at 222 nm. The method may include adding a base to the aqueous solution in an amount sufficient to raise a pH of the aqueous solution including PFAS to about 10 or more. It may also include adding a halide salt such as a bromide salt or an iodine salt, and further adding a carbonate. Greater than 90%, or greater than 99%, of the PFAS in the solution may be destroyed by irradiating the aqueous solution in this way.

Methods, systems and devices for removing iodide from an aqueous solution including submerging an iodophilic electrode in an aqueous solution containing iodide, applying a current to the electrode, and electrochemically oxidizing the iodide to iodine within the electrode. The electrode may include an iodophilic material and an electrically conductive material. It may also include a binder. The iodophilic material may be a starch, chitosan, carboxycellulose, cationic polymer, or an anion exchange membrane material, for example. After oxidizing the iodide to iodine within the electrode, the electrode may be submerged in a second solution and a current may be applied to reduce the iodine and release it from the electrode in the form of iodide into the second solution.

Methods, systems and devices for PFAS destruction including adding a sulfite salt to an aqueous solution containing PFAS and then irradiating the aqueous solution with light at 222 nm. The method may include adding a base to the aqueous solution in an amount sufficient to raise a pH of the aqueous solution including PFAS to about 10 or more. It may also include adding a halide salt such as a bromide salt or an iodine salt, and further adding a carbonate. Greater than 90%, or greater than 99%, of the PFAS in the solution may be destroyed by irradiating the aqueous solution in this way.

A method and device for disinfecting a body of water including the steps of detecting a microbial characteristic of a body of water via a sensor and comparing the microbial characteristic to a target threshold. Upon determining the microbial characteristic is below the target threshold, the method further includes the steps of emitting, via a light emitter in a device, a disinfecting light comprising a wavelength range of 380-420 nanometers (nm) into the body of water, determining, via a controller, a concentration and frequency of chemicals to deposit into the body of water based on the detected microbial characteristic, and depositing, via a mechanism in a device, a chemical into the body of water at the determined concentration and frequency.

Methods, systems, and devices for PFAS destruction including providing water containing PFAS to a reactor vessel, irradiating the water with UV light under conditions to destroy at least a portion of the PFAS, passing the treated water through a selective membrane to form permeate and membrane reject comprising PFAS, providing the membrane reject back to the reactor vessel, providing additional water containing PFAS to the reactor vessel within the reactor vessel or before being provided to the reactor vessel, and irradiating the membrane reject and the additional water containing PFAS within the reactor vessel with UV light. The steps may be repeated a plurality of times such that PFAS that is not destroyed is recycled through the reactor vessel. Sensitizers may be added and may also be recycled in the membrane reject with the PFAS.

Methods, systems and devices for removing iodide from an aqueous solution including submerging an iodophilic electrode in an aqueous solution containing iodide, applying a current to the electrode, and electrochemically oxidizing the iodide to iodine within the electrode. The electrode may include an iodophilic material and an electrically conductive material. It may also include a binder. The iodophilic material may be a starch, chitosan, carboxycellulose, cationic polymer, or an anion exchange membrane material, for example. After oxidizing the iodide to iodine within the electrode, the electrode may be submerged in a second solution and a current may be applied to reduce the iodine and release it from the electrode in the form of iodide into the second solution.