A method of monitoring light output from at least one solid-state light source involves sensing any light produced by the at least one solid-state light source and reflected, by at least one surface spaced apart from the at least one solid-state light source, to at least one reference location spaced apart from the at least one surface. Apparatuses and uses of the apparatuses are also disclosed.

An apparatus and method for irradiating a fluid containing a material to be irradiated, comprising at least one irradiation chamber having at least one inlet port and outlet port, at least one fluid cooling chamber having at least one inlet port and outlet port, one or more UV radiation sources coupled to the irradiation chamber(s); and at least one heat exchange mechanism thermally coupled to the radiation source(s) and the cooling chamber(s). At least a portion of the interior surface of the cooling chamber(s) may comprise at least a portion of the exterior surface of the irradiation chamber(s) so the cooling chamber(s) is in fluid communication with the irradiation chamber(s).

A disinfection apparatus and method is provided for disinfecting a fluid. The apparatus elements define three internal container volumes. Fluid is introduced into an entry volume where its flow is conditioned to reduce splash and slow the fluid flow. The fluid is then channeled into a disinfection volume where a disinfection unit delivers a disinfection agent to the fluid. Finally, the fluid exits the apparatus through an exit volume. In one aspect, a sink-trap is disclosed in which wastewater liquid contacts a pair of diverters. The diverters have conditioned contact surfaces that slows and spreads the liquid flow and reduces liquid splash. The wastewater then passes through a UV chamber in which it is disinfected. The liquid then exits the sink-trap. Advanced self-cleaning apparatus are additionally disclosed to clean and disinfect the sink-trap and trapped wastewater. The entire apparatus operates under computer control.

An embodiment provides method for controlling lamp output within an array of lamps, including: receiving sensor data corresponding to one of a plurality of lamps within the array, wherein the sensor data comprises an irradiance value from at least one of: within a lamp sleeve and an irradiance value from outside a lamp sleeve; identifying, based the sensor data, a change in an output of the one of the plurality of lamps; sharing the sensor data with other of the plurality of lamps within the array; and adjusting, in response to the sharing, an output of at least one of the other of the plurality of lamps within the array, thereby compensating for the change in the output of one of the plurality of lamps. Other aspects are described and claimed.

An UV-C device may include several UV-C light sources (e.g., UV-C LEDs) and such UV-C LEDs may have UV-C reflecting structures arranged to direct UV-C in a particular direction and at a particular size and shape. Doing so may, for example, increase the UV-C in a particular direction or working area. A UV-C generating device may be utilized in an air stream, such as an air duct, to sterilize air from that air stream. Multiple UV-C inactivation devices may be coupled in series and placed into a single housing for in order to increase the efficacy of the UV-C inactivation device. The inlet of the device may draw air using an inlet module attachment (e.g., a hood with one or more than one inlet hood) and may output air using an outlet module attachment (e.g., a duct to deliver air to an outflow air duct). Computational fluid dynamic software may be provided where UV-C inactivation devices may be positioned (e.g., manually or autonomously by an adaptive algorithm) to determine impact on airflow against various pathogens (e.g., Staphylococcus and/or SARS-CoV-2).

A method of monitoring light output from at least one solid-state light source involves sensing any light produced by the at least one solid-state light source and reflected, by at least one surface spaced apart from the at least one solid-state light source, to at least one reference location spaced apart from the at least one surface. Apparatuses and uses of the apparatuses are also disclosed.

Water disinfecting modules, water supply systems, methods of assembling a water supply system as well as method of disinfecting water are provided. The water disinfecting module includes a frame, hot and cold water flow switches and hot and cold UV treatment modules is provided. The frame supports a hot and cold water inlets and hot and cold water outlets. Hot and cold water flow switches are fluidly interposed between the respective inlets and outlets for sensing water flow. Hot and cold water UV treatment modules are fluidly interposed between corresponding inlets and outlets and are coupled to flow switches for activation upon sensing of water flow. All of the components are supported by the frame to form a complete unit. The systems and methods incorporate the use of such a water disinfecting module.

A UV reactor irradiates a flow of fluid with UV radiation. The reactor comprises: a fluid conduit defined by a heat conducting conduit body comprising one or more heat conducting walls for permitting a flow of fluid therethrough; a UV-LED operatively connected to a PCB and oriented for directing radiation into the fluid conduit. The PCB comprises a heat conducting substrate having a first surface. The conduit body is in thermal contact with the first surface of the heat conducting substrate. Heat is dissipated from the UV-LED via the heat conducting substrate, the thermal contact between the first surface of the heat conducting substrate and the heat conducting conduit body, and from the one or more heat conducting walls of the heat conducting conduit body to the fluid flowing through the fluid conduit.

An automatic water faucet apparatus includes a faucet, a detection unit, a hot water storage tank, a first ultraviolet irradiation unit, a display unit, and a control unit. The hot water storage tank heats water supplied to a water supply channel by using a heater, which is not illustrated, and stores hot water. The hot water storage tank is provided inside the faucet and heats water supplied to a second water supply channel. The first ultraviolet irradiation unit disinfects (sterilizes) the hot water stored in the hot water storage tank by irradiating the hot water with ultraviolet rays. The first ultraviolet irradiation unit includes an ultraviolet lamp disposed inside the hot water storage tank, and irradiation of ultraviolet rays to the hot water stored in the hot water storage tank and stop of the irradiation are controlled by the control unit.

A UV reactor for disinfecting water. The UV reactor may include a cooling chamber in which heat from a UV source may be transferred to the water flowing through the UV reactor. The UV reactor may include driver circuitry operable to determine status information, such as health, of the UV source. The UV reactor may include a gas discharge path operable to substantially prevent accumulation of gas within a water treatment chamber.