[Problem] To enable an increase of fine bubbles in medium liquid. [Solution] A suction device of the present invention includes a cylindrical portion that is formed of a cylinder with two base surfaces, first surface and second surface, and that flows medium liquid supplied from a plurality of paths, from the first surface toward the second surface, a plurality of introducing portions that introduce the medium liquid from the first surface or from the vicinity of the first surface into the cylindrical portion such that the medium liquid swirls inside the cylindrical portion, and an outlet port provided at or in the vicinity of the center of the second surface.

A solar-powered distillation process converts saline water into potable water and useful solid residues. A solid material is heated by solar energy, and the solid material is brought into direct contact with saline water. Some of the water becomes steam and vapor, which can be condensed to produce potable water. The water-soluble salts within the saline water are precipitated separately, and collected for commercial use. Scale formed on the solid material can be removed, and the solid material reheated by solar energy, and the reheated solid material can again be used to heat incoming saline water in a continuous process.

Process of sewage treatment in a continuous, linear and flexible channel, through a modified aerobic biological reactor system, or transformation of an existing anaerobic biological reactor into a modified aerobic biological reactor, coupled with a modified flexible flotation/decantation system, intended for the sewage treatment, to be carried out in a treatment plant, in a continuous, linear and flexible channel, using, as preliminary treatment, a garbage grid and a sandbox, to remove these debris, followed by a primary treatment, where the sewage receives the primary treatment inside an aerobic reactor—modified MBBR, or inside a pond aerated, facultative or anaerobic, transformed into an aerobic reactor—modified MBBR, or even inside an anaerobic reactor—UASB transformed into an aerobic reactor—modified MBBR, followed by a secondary treatment.

A water purification system for an ornamental aquarium is easily assembled as either a canister or a hang-on-back type model with a water tank or aquarium without compromising with an aesthetic appearance and low noise. The filtration element includes filtration blocks connectible in series for function and can be disassembled into a plurality of blocks that are reassembled to form the canister model and the hang-on-back model with a secure positioning feature.

Embodiments of the present invention provide the integration of arbitrary flow directing patterns, deposited or integrated on or into the porous permeate spacer in a spiral-wound membrane separation element.

An electrochemical device comprises a first type of membrane disposed between first and second reservoirs containing an input solution, and a second type of membrane, different from the first type, is disposed between a first redox-active electrolyte chamber and the first reservoir and disposed between a second redox-active electrolyte chamber and the second reservoir. The first type of membrane and one of the second type of membranes form a membrane pair and the pair has an area specific resistance below y=5065.3x.sup.3−1331.1x.sup.2+90.035x+39 Ohm cm.sup.2 when the pair is equilibrated in an electrolyte and for at least part of a range where 0<x<0.4 and x is the mass fraction of salt in the electrolyte.

Disclosed is a water purifier. The water purifier includes a water quality sensor configured to measure quality of water that is suppled from a water supply source, a first filter configured to filter by a first method, a second filter configured to filter by a second method, a flow path shifting valve configured to selectively supply water that is supplied from the water supply source to the first filter or the second filter, and a processor configured to control the flow path shifting valve based on a water quality value that is measured by the sensor.

Described herein includes sample liquid purification apparatus, systems, and techniques of use. The purification apparatus generally can operate to reduce a temperature of a precursor liquid within a beverage machine or appliance. For example, a thermally conductive body can define a heat sink having a tortuous path for propagation of the precursor therethough, facilitating temperature reduction. The purification apparatus can further generally operate to sanitize or otherwise reduce a level of contaminants in the precursor liquid. For example, an energy source, such as a light emitting diode, can be arranged or integrated with the thermally conductive body to emit ultraviolet radiation toward the precursor liquid within the thermally conductive body.

Described are filter materials having polycarboxyl ligands, such as iminodiacetic acid, which are highly effective for filtering metals or metal ions from fluids. The filter materials can be particularly useful to filter various fluid compositions, such as those used for wet etching, removing photoresist, and cleaning steps in microelectronic device manufacturing.

Disclosed are devices, systems and methods for treatment or pre-treatment of stormwater which can provide a high-rate stormwater filtration that is suitable for sites with high particulates (total suspended solid (TSS)) loading.