An apparatus for treating a contaminated fluid has a UV lamp within a tubular housing. A plurality of baffles within the housing create meandering pathways parallel to the lamp for exposing the fluid to the UV light along the entire length of the pathways. A photocatalytic coating on the baffles and inner surfaces of the housing is maintained within a pre-set radial distance, preferably no more than about 75 mm, from the lamp for optimal creation of a photocatalytic reactant. The contaminated fluid flowing through the meandering pathways is maintained in close proximity to the lamp and has adequate time for exposure to the ultraviolet light and photocatalytic reactant for treatment before exiting the housing. The baffles are removably positioned within the housing for convenient maintenance or to alter the length of the pathways, without re-sizing the housing. This apparatus is considered an affordable and compact environmental protection device capable of redefining pollution control by potentially mitigating close to 100% of harmful bacteria and toxic compounds.

Embodiments of this disclosure provide a liquid treatment apparatus. The liquid treatment apparatus comprises: a housing which is of a cylindrical shape and comprises an accommodating space; an inlet for a liquid to flow into the accommodating space; an outlet for the liquid to flow out of the accommodating space; a treatment medium used for treating the liquid contacting the treatment medium; and a spiral flow-guiding device making the liquid in the accommodating space flow in a spiral direction around an axis of the cylindrical shape at least before contacting the treatment medium or in contacting the treatment medium. An advantage of this disclosure exists in by making the liquid in the liquid treatment apparatus flow in a spiral direction before contacting the treatment medium, natural energy in the liquid is increased, thereby improving a capability of the treatment medium in treating the liquid.

A condensate chamber is a housing having an inlet, an outlet, a base, a top wall, and upstanding sidewalls. The upstanding sidewalls include a first end sidewall, a second end sidewall, a first side sidewall, and a second side sidewall. A divider is disposed within the housing and includes a proximal end disposed against the first end sidewall and extends towards the second end sidewall. A gap is defined in between a distal end of the divider and the second end sidewall. The divider defines a serpentine channel within the housing starting at the inlet and ending at the outlet.

A fractal flow device comprising at least one fractal pack. The at least one fractal pack comprises at least two fractal cells, where each fractal cell comprises a fractal distributor, a chamber adjacent the fractal distributor, and a fractal collector adjacent the chamber. Methods of using the fractal flow device are also disclosed.

An electrolytic reduction module and a water purification device are provided. The electrolytic reduction module includes an electrode set, a first baffle, and a second baffle. The electrode set includes an anode, a first cathode, and a second cathode. The anode is disposed between the first cathode and the second cathode. The first cathode is disposed between the first baffle and the anode. The second cathode is disposed between the second baffle and the anode.

Provided are liquid treatment systems (e.g., water desalinization systems, water softening systems, water purification systems), system components, methods of fabricating components and systems, and methods of operating the systems. A liquid treatment system may include a first electrode and a second electrode. During operation of the system, the treated liquid may flow between and, in some embodiments, through these electrodes and release contaminants that are electrolytically deposited on these electrodes. At least one electrode may include a non-conductive support and an active structure mechanically supported by the non-conductive support and a conductive assist structure disposed between the active structure and the non-conductive support. The non-conductive support may be a polymer film, such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film. Unlike conventional metallic substrates, the non-conductive support is more resistant to corrosion. Furthermore, there are risk of electrical shorts and the non-conductive support may be in direct contact with various other components of the system.

Embodiments described herein generally relate to humidification-dehumidification desalination systems, including apparatuses that include a vessel comprising a humidification region (e.g., a bubble column humidification region) and a dehumidification region (e.g., a bubble column dehumidification region), mobile humidification-dehumidification (HDH) desalination systems (e.g., systems having a relatively low height and/or a relatively small footprint), and associated systems and methods. Certain embodiments generally relate to methods of operating, controlling, and/or cleaning desalination systems comprising a plurality of desalination units (e.g., HDH desalination units).

The present invention provides a multi-stage system for treating greywater comprising an electrochemical treatment module configured to carry out electrooxidation and electrocoagulation processes and a filtration module comprising a multistage filtration system for the treatment and removal of chemical and biological contaminants in greywater.

An oil-water separation system including a vessel for receiving an oil-water mixture and passing a treated water having a lower concentration of oil than the oil-water mixture. The system further includes a first overflow baffle for directing the oil-water mixture fluid flow over the first overflow baffle, and a first underflow baffle positioned downstream along a fluid flow pathway of the first overflow baffle for directing the oil-water mixture fluid flow under the first underflow baffle, and a second overflow baffle positioned downstream along the fluid flow pathway of the first underflow baffle having a mesh with a plurality of perforations which directs fluid flow over the second overflow baffle and through the plurality of perforations. The second overflow baffle permits a water portion of the oil-water mixture to traverse through the mesh and an oil portion of the oil-water mixture to traverse over the mesh.

A saturator, configured for use in a water treating apparatus, includes a chamber, in which a first flow path through which first fluid flows is formed, and a plurality of porous membranes disposed in the first flow path, a second flow path formed within the plurality of porous membranes, through which second fluid flows. The first fluid is dissolved in the second fluid, or the second fluid is dissolved in the first fluid. Accordingly, a contact area between the first fluid and the second fluid is enlarged, and thus, a dissolving speed increases.