A fluid management system can include a first chamber, a diffusion plate positioned in the first chamber configured to receive fluid and to direct the fluid along a bypass fluid flow path or a primary fluid flow path, a riser pipe positioned within the first chamber that conveys fluid from the diffusion plate into a second chamber, and a filtering apparatus positioned in the second chamber. The filtering apparatus can include a plate having a first opening, one or more modules coupled to the plate having one or more perforations and a second opening corresponding to the first opening, and filter media disposed adjacent to the one or more modules, and a slab positioned above the filtering apparatus.

Methods and systems are described for providing improved food processing systems by treating wash water in a wash stage of the food processing system with a biocide. Sufficient biocide may be added to significantly reduce the levels of bacteria in the wash stage, which can prevent problems associated with bacteria in downstream processes.

Certain disclosed embodiments concern systems and methods of preparing dialysate for use in a home dialysis system that is compact and light-weight relative to existing systems and consumes relatively low amounts of energy. The method includes coupling a household water stream to a dialysis system; filtering the water stream; heating the water stream to at least about 138 degrees Celsius in a non-batch process to produce a heated water stream; maintaining the heated water stream at or above at least about 138 degrees Celsius for at least about two seconds; cooling the heated water stream to produce a cooled water stream; ultrafiltering the cooled water stream; and mixing dialysate components into the cooled water stream in a non-batch process.

The amount of wash water to be consumed in an electrodeposition coating facility and the amount of used wash water to be discharged that requires post-treatment are reduced. To achieve this object, an electrodeposition coating facility that includes a degreasing process section A, a post-degreasing rinse section B, a chemical conversion process section C, a post-chemical-conversion rinse section D, an electrodeposition coating section E, and a post-electrodeposition rinse section F is provided with a filtration process apparatus 4 and a wash water recycling line 5. The filtration process apparatus 4 performs a filtration process on wash water W after being used to wash an object to be coated 1 in the post-electrodeposition rinse section F. The wash water recycling line 5 feeds, to the post-chemical-conversion rinse section D, the wash water W after being subjected to the filtration process in the filtration process apparatus 4 as wash water W to be used to wash an object to be coated in the post-chemical-conversion rinse section D.

Apparatus for treating water including PFAS includes influent piping adapted to conduct untreated water from an untreated water source. A first process vessel is fluidly coupled to the influent piping to receive the untreated water. First transfer piping is adapted to conduct first vessel processed water from the first process vessel. A second process vessel is coupled to the first transfer piping to receive the first vessel processed water. An ion exchange injection mechanism is adapted to supply ion exchange material to the second process vessel. Second transfer piping is adapted to conduct second vessel processed water from the second process vessel.

A purifier includes a housing, a filter, a supply flow path supplying water from a source to the filter, a supply valve on the supply flow path to regulate flow through the supply flow path, a nozzle provided outside of the housing, a purified liquid flow path to guide liquid from the filter toward the nozzle, a hot liquid flow path having one side branched from the purified liquid flow path and another side connected to the nozzle, a hot water module provided to heat liquid in the hot liquid flow path, a sterilization flow path having one side branched from the supply flow path and another side connected to the filter, a sterilization valve provided on the sterilization flow path to regulate flow through the sterilization flow path, and a sterilization module provided on the sterilization flow path to heat liquid in the sterilization flow path.

A water-treatment cartridge (3) for a water-treatment device, wherein the water-treatment device comprises a head with a port for feeding water for treatment to the cartridge and a port for discharging water from the cartridge (3) after treatment. The water-treatment cartridge (3) according to the invention comprises an inlet channel for feeding water for treatment to the cartridge (3) for making a fluid communication with the port of the head for feeding water for treatment to the water-treatment cartridge (3), and an outlet channel for discharging water after treatment from the water- treatment cartridge (3) for making a fluid communication with the port for discharging water after treatment from the water-treatment cartridge (3), at least one water-treatment bed, which the at least one water-treatment bed is in a fluid communication with the inlet channel for feeding water for treatment and with the outlet channel for discharging water after treatment. The water-treatment cartridge (3) is characterized in that it comprises orientating means (10) configured to make a flow of water for treatment from the port of the head for feeding water for treatment with the inlet channel, when the water-treatment cartridge (3) is installed in the head of the water-treatment device. The invention also relates to a head of a water- treatment device for use with a water-treatment cartridge (3). In addition, the invention relates to a water-treatment device comprising a head and a water-treatment cartridge (3).

A water purifier and a filter for the water purifier are provided. The water purifier includes a raw water flow path formed to bring in raw water from the outside, a purified water flow path connected to the raw water flow path for the raw water to flow in a first direction, a filter located in the purified water flow path to filter the raw water, a bypass flow path branched from the purified water flow path for the raw water to bypass the filter and connected to the purified water flow path on a downstream side of the filter in the first direction, a washing flow path branched from the bypass flow path and connected to the purified water flow path on a downstream side of the filter in the first direction, and a drain flow path connected to the filter to guide the raw water flowing into the filter to a second direction. The filter includes a raw water inlet through which raw water flowing in the first direction is introduced, a purified water outlet through which purified water filtered is released, and a drain outlet through which wash water having washed the filter is discharged.

A wastewater treatment method includes: a soft water treatment 1 of crystallizing calcium carbonate from wastewater to remove the calcium carbonate therefrom; and an electrolysis 2 of electrolyzing some of the wastewater from which the calcium carbonate has been removed to obtain an acidic aqueous solution and an alkaline aqueous solution, wherein at least some of the alkaline aqueous solution is circulated to be used in the soft water treatment 1.

A desalination system includes a feed pump having an inlet side and an outlet side. In addition, the system includes a first RO stage having an inlet, RO permeate outlet and RO concentrate outlet. Further, the system includes a second RO stage having an inlet, RO permeate outlet and RO concentrate outlet and an NF stage having an inlet, NF permeate outlet and an NF concentrate outlet. The system also includes a set of conduits adapted to connect: (a) the outlet side of the feed pump to the inlet of the first RO stage; (b) the concentrate outlet of the first RO stage to (i) the inlet of the second RO stage and to the inlet of the NF stage; and (c) the permeate outlet of the first RO stage, the permeate outlet of the second RO stage and the permeate outlet of the NF stage either directly or indirectly to a low salinity water injection line.