A method of sanitising a body of water including the steps of adding sodium chlorite and/or sodium chlorate to the body of water and converting the sodium chlorite and/or sodium chlorate to chlorine dioxide in an electrolysis cell which is in fluid communication with a water circulation system of the body of water, wherein chlorine is also added to the body of water.

A method for differentially lysing a liquid sample or target material using an augmented oxidizing agent (AOA), which includes a quantity of electronically modified oxygen derivatives (EMODs). The method reduces or eliminates total dissolved solids (IDS), total suspended solids (TSS), Biologic Oxygen Demand (BOD), microbial concentration, biofilms and other content in the liquid target material known or suspected to contain animal fluids, blood and blood cells and suspected or known to contain eukaryotic cells, microbial cells, bacteria, viruses, spores, fungi, prions, organic matter, minerals, proteins or associated structures. The BOD, TDS and TSS can be lowered or eliminated as desired. This action is directly proportional to the quantity of EMODs in the AOS applied to the liquid target material.

Harmful biological contaminants are treated using plasma fields. The inventive techniques offer improved results over existing devices and methods.

A water-disinfecting apparatus includes a vessel with a cathode, an insert with a photoanode, an ultraviolet light source configured to be positioned in the insert, and a power source. The cathode forms an electrically conductive layer on an inner surface of the vessel. The photoanode is configured to be positioned in the cathode. The power source is configured to be operably coupled to the cathode, the photoanode, and the light source.

The present invention relates to a method and a device for controlling pollutants in basin water resources cycling utilization in agricultural activity areas. The method includes: providing an acidification tank, an aeration tank and a multi-media constructed wetland connected in sequence, which are 4˜10 m far from basin revetment, feeding basin water into the constructed wetland, adsorbing or degrading heavy metals and organic pollutants by the constructed wetland, and then transporting the treated basin water to the agricultural activity areas. The present invention effectively controls the content of heavy metals that will enter the agricultural activity areas, fundamentally reduces the content of heavy metals in the crops, promotes the growth of the crops, maintains sustainable and healthy development of agriculture, and therefore guarantees human health and safety.

This Adaptive Catalytic Technology (ACT) water treatment invention uses a series of integrated sequential modular advanced technologies to treat and eliminate or reduce suspended solids, hardness, heavy metals, organic compounds and microorganisms and to provide good tasting chlorine-free sanitized drinking water. The advanced technologies used herein are specifically designed to provide synergistic benefits that minimizes power consumption while improving the overall treatment effectiveness, making it possible to provide a cost effective and sustainable ACT water treatment for point of use drinking water supply for remote or developing areas, as well as residential, commercial, and industrial applications. The advanced technologies employed are environmentally friendly and safe. Specifically, the ACT water treatment invention does not require hazardous chemicals that need special handling to operate or maintain and it does not produce a waste stream or generates disinfection by-products (DBPs), such as, trihalomethanes (THMs) or haloacetic acids (HAAs).

A reactor for water splitting or water treatment includes a first electrode, a second electrode electrically coupled to the first electrode, and a proton exchange membrane separating the first electrode and the second electrode. The first electrode includes a first optical fiber coated with a photocatalytic material.

The sunlight active composite photocatalyst for water purification includes ZnO (zinc oxide) and Co.sub.3O.sub.4 (cobalt II, III oxide). The composite photocatalyst may, in the presence of natural sunlight, achieve complete mineralization of chemical and biological contaminants in water without leaving any hazardous by-products. The composite photocatalyst may be synthesized by a sol gel route or process.

Various embodiments of the present invention relate to, among other things, systems for generating engineered water nanostructures (EWNS) comprising reactive oxygen species (ROS) and methods for inactivating at least one of viruses, bacteria, bacterial spores, and fungi in or on a wound of a subject in need thereof or on produce by applying EWNS to the wound or to the produce.

A method of treating wastewater can include introducing wastewater into a wastewater treatment apparatus through a wastewater inlet. The wastewater can be compressed and decompressed via a mechanical pressurizing element and subsequently discharged from the wastewater treatment apparatus via a treated water outlet. The pressure cycling wastewater treatment apparatus can include a confined chamber which encloses an interior volume. The confined chamber can have a wastewater inlet through which wastewater can flow into the confined chamber. In addition, an expansion fluid inlet can receive an expansion fluid into the confined chamber. A treated water outlet can allow treated water to flow out of the confined chamber. Within the interior volume of the confined chamber, a mechanical pressurizing element can be configured to move in a cyclical pattern. Motion of the mechanical pressurizing element can cyclically compress and decompress a mixture of wastewater and expansion fluid inside the confined chamber for a desired number of cycles.