An integrated device and method for treating toxic and refractory wastewater are provided. The integrated device includes an adjusting pool, a first-stage reactor, a second-stage reactor, a third-stage reactor, a coagulation sedimentation pool, and a biochemical reaction pool that are sequentially connected in series, and further includes an aeration blower. Each of the first-stage reactor and the third-stage reactor is an advanced oxidation reactor, and the second-stage reactor is a Fenton reactor. The coagulation sedimentation pool includes 2 to 4 stages, and each stage of the coagulation sedimentation pool includes a coagulation tank, a primary sedimentation tank, and a secondary sedimentation tank that are connected in series. The biochemical reaction pool includes an anoxic tank, an aerobic tank, a settling tank, and a clean water tank that are connected in series. The wastewater treatment method combines the integrated device for treating toxic and refractory wastewater with reasonable process parameters.

Use of Fenton's reagent or modified Fenton's reagent is described to promote rejuvenation of water treatment systems hampered by bioclogging matter. Hydraulic flow through one or more components of the water treatment system may be enhanced through the use of modified Fenton's reagent.

A preparation method and use of a graphite felt (GF)-supported metal-organic framework (MOF) cathode material is disclosed. The preparation method includes the following steps: preparing an iron salt, Pluronic F127, a weak acid, 2-aminoterephthalic acid, and a carbon felt; adding the iron salt and Pluronic F127 to deionized water and stirring a resulting mixture; adding the weak acid and 2-aminoterephthalic acid to the mixture, and stirring a resulting mixture to obtain an MOF precursor solution; adding the MOF precursor solution together with a pretreated carbon felt to a reactor, and sealing the reactor for hydrothermal reaction; and washing and vacuum drying a reaction product to obtain the cathode material. With a porous structure and a large specific surface area (SSA), the cathode material significantly increases the output of H.sub.2O.sub.2 when used in an electric Fenton system.

A compact system for treating pharmaceutical waste at a location at which the pharmaceutical waste is disposed includes a housing having a door. The housing contains a waste influent tank configured to hold and discharge a fluid comprising pharmaceutical waste; a first container configured to hold and discharge hydrogen peroxide utilized in a chemical reaction to treat the pharmaceutical waste; a second container configured to hold and discharge aqueous iron solution utilized in the chemical reaction to treat the pharmaceutical waste; and a neutralizer tank in which the chemical reaction is carried out. The door of the housing is configured to move between an open position and a closed position to allow or deny access to an interior of the housing.

Disclosed is a method of simultaneously processing fly ash and COPR, which can treat the fly ash and COPR harmlessly during the landfilling process through biochemical and engineering measures. The method includes: transferring the fly ash and COPR to the yard; laying an impervious layer inside the yard; laying a diversion material at a bottom of the yard; laying a mixture layer on the diversion material, where the mixture layer contains a biogas residue, a waste carbon source, ferrous sulfate, a nutritional additive, the waste incineration fly ash and COPR; placing an internal-electrolysis ceramsite layer on the mixture layer; injecting a carbon source solution from an upper portion of the yard and collecting a leachate to a collection device through the diversion material irregularly during the operation; and recirculating the leachate to a top of the yard for spray reinjection.

A method for preparing a Fenton catalytic material includes the following steps: (1) placing a nitrogen-containing compound in a muffle furnace for calcination, then dissolving the product in deionized water to form a suspension solution; (2) dissolving aluminum nitrate nonahydrate, copper nitrate trihydrate and glucose in deionized water to form a solution; (3) adding the suspension solution in a dropwise manner to the solution, then performing a closed hydrothermal reaction, washing with water, centrifuging and drying to obtain a solid; and (4) placing the prepared solid in a muffle furnace for calcination to obtain the Fenton catalytic material. The catalytic material presents a complete ball-flower shaped mesoporous structure, has a large specific surface area and dual reaction centers to expose more catalytic active sites, so that H.sub.2O.sub.2 is reduced at the electron-rich center as much as possible to generate hydroxyl radicals during the reaction.

Disclosed herein are Fenton filters comprising a porous substrate and a catalyst coating the porous substrate, wherein the catalyst includes a matrix and single metal atoms incorporated in the matrix. Also disclosed herein are methods of generating radicals from an oxidant, electrolyzers, methods of generating hydrogen peroxide, and water treatment systems.

Provided is a catalyst for a Fenton system, and a method of preparing the same. The catalyst includes one or more species of d.sup.0-orbital-based or non-d.sup.0-orbital-based catalyst including NO.sub.3.sup.−/SO.sub.4.sup.2−/H.sub.2PO.sub.4.sup.−/HPO.sub.4.sup.2−/PO.sub.4.sup.3− functional groups on the surface thereof. The method includes preparing a d.sup.0-orbital-based or non-d.sup.0-orbital-based transition metal oxide; and preparing a transition metal oxide catalyst comprising a NO.sub.3.sup.−, SO.sub.4.sup.2−, H.sub.2PO.sub.4.sup.−, HPO.sub.4.sup.2−, or PO.sub.4.sup.3− functional group on the surface of the catalyst via nitrification, sulfation, or phosphorylation of the transition metal oxide.

A device for decomplexation and enhanced removal of copper based on self-induced Fenton-like reaction constructed by electrochemistry coupled with membrane separation is disclosed. The device includes a reactor, two electrocatalytic anodes capable of generating hydroxyl radicals, an electrocatalytic cathode membrane assembly, a direct current power supply, an aeration system, an inlet pipe and an outlet pipe. The device of the present invention has a simple construction. Using this device to treat industrial wastewater containing copper complexes under specific conditions allows the decomplexation and the removal of the industrial wastewater containing the copper complexes to be simultaneously realized at a low consumption and a high efficiency. The coupling of electrochemistry with membrane separation can be achieved to protect the cathode from being contaminated by pollutants in the sewage and prolong the service life of the electrode.

A method of removing chemical contaminants from a composition comprising an active, a solvent, and a contaminant can include providing an initial feed supply, wherein the initial feed supply comprises the active, the solvent, and the contaminant, wherein the contaminant can include 1,4 dioxane, dimethyl dioxane, or a combination thereof; including filtering the initial feed stock through a nanofilter.