An electric glass hot shop system is described herein that has at least one electrically powered heating unit (e.g., electric furnace, electric glory hole, electric pipe warmer, electric color box, electric annealer, electric crucible kiln) used in the processing of glass.

This invention relates to using a production glass furnace to melt waste glass and other glass constituents thereby providing a radiant heat source within the furnace to efficiently gasify organic waste materials recovered from a variety of waste streams to thereby produce a synthesis gas (Syngas) that is comprised mostly of carbon monoxide, hydrogen, and carbon dioxide that can be further refined and sold as a high value fuel. The gasification of the organic waste within the production glass furnace has minimal impact on the composition of the glass melt thus allowing for the production of the same range of glass products as if no organic waste was added to the furnace.

This invention relates to using a production glass furnace to melt waste glass and other glass constituents thereby providing a radiant heat source within the furnace to efficiently gasify organic waste materials recovered from a variety of waste streams to thereby produce a synthesis gas (Syngas) that is comprised mostly of carbon monoxide, hydrogen, and carbon dioxide that can be further refined and sold as a high value fuel. The gasification of the organic waste within the production glass furnace has minimal impact on the composition of the glass melt thus allowing for the production of the same range of glass products as if no organic waste was added to the furnace.

A large melting furnace suitable for borosilicate glass. Which has a melting area, a reinforcing area, an ascending area and a clarifying area. The melting area and the reinforcing area are separated by a partition wall, and a lower end of the partition wall goes deep below a surface of molten glass but is not in contact with a bottom of the melting furnace, so as to guarantee that the molten glass in the two areas is interconnected. The structures of the melting area and reinforcing area can also improve the problem of boron volatilization of the borosilicate glass caused by flame melting during a melting process. The molten glass flows out from a throat of the reinforcing area, passes through the ascending area and enters the shallower clarifying area.

A large melting furnace suitable for borosilicate glass. Which has a melting area, a reinforcing area, an ascending area and a clarifying area. The melting area and the reinforcing area are separated by a partition wall, and a lower end of the partition wall goes deep below a surface of molten glass but is not in contact with a bottom of the melting furnace, so as to guarantee that the molten glass in the two areas is interconnected. The structures of the melting area and reinforcing area can also improve the problem of boron volatilization of the borosilicate glass caused by flame melting during a melting process. The molten glass flows out from a throat of the reinforcing area, passes through the ascending area and enters the shallower clarifying area.

Provided is a method of producing a glass article, including: a melting step of heating molten glass (Gm) in a glass melting furnace (2) through application of a current with electrode groups (13) to (16) including a plurality of electrodes (A) to (H) connected to a common power supply system; and a forming step of forming a glass fiber (Gf) from the molten glass (Gm) heated in the melting step. The melting step includes: a measurement step of measuring ground voltages of the electrodes (A) to (H) included in the electrode groups (13) to (16); and a determination step of determining leakage glass (Gx) from the glass melting furnace (2) based on variations in the ground voltages measured in the measurement step.

Provided are: a glass substrate that achieves a high strain point while having a low devitrification temperature; and a method for producing said glass substrate. This glass substrate for a display is made of a glass comprising SiO.sub.2 and Al.sub.2O.sub.3, comprising 0% or more to less than 3% B.sub.2O.sub.3 and from 5 to 14% BaO in mass %, and substantially devoiding Sb.sub.2O.sub.3, wherein the devitrification temperature is 1235 C. or lower and the strain point is 720 C. or higher. Alternatively, this glass substrate for a display is made of a glass comprising SiO.sub.2 and Al.sub.2O.sub.3, comprising 0% or more to less than 3% B.sub.2O.sub.3, 1.8% or more MgO, and from 5 to 14% BaO in mass %, and substantially devoiding Sb.sub.2O.sub.3, wherein (SiO.sub.2+MgO+CaO)(Al.sub.2O.sub.3+SrO+BaO) is less than 42%, the devitrification temperature is 1260 C. or lower, and the strain point is 720 C. or higher. This method for producing said glass substrate for a display comprises: a melting step for melting, by using at least direct electrical heating, a glass material prepared to have a predetermined composition; a forming step for forming, into a flat glass sheet, the molten glass that has been melted in the melting step; and an annealing step for annealing the flat glass sheet, wherein a condition for cooling the flat glass sheet is controlled so as to reduce the heat shrinkage rate of the flat glass sheet.

Provided are: a glass substrate that achieves a high strain point while having a low devitrification temperature; and a method for producing said glass substrate. This glass substrate for a display is made of a glass comprising SiO.sub.2 and Al.sub.2O.sub.3, comprising 0% or more to less than 3% B.sub.2O.sub.3 and from 5 to 14% BaO in mass %, and substantially devoiding Sb.sub.2O.sub.3, wherein the devitrification temperature is 1235 C. or lower and the strain point is 720 C. or higher. Alternatively, this glass substrate for a display is made of a glass comprising SiO.sub.2 and Al.sub.2O.sub.3, comprising 0% or more to less than 3% B.sub.2O.sub.3, 1.8% or more MgO, and from 5 to 14% BaO in mass %, and substantially devoiding Sb.sub.2O.sub.3, wherein (SiO.sub.2+MgO+CaO)(Al.sub.2O.sub.3+SrO+BaO) is less than 42%, the devitrification temperature is 1260 C. or lower, and the strain point is 720 C. or higher. This method for producing said glass substrate for a display comprises: a melting step for melting, by using at least direct electrical heating, a glass material prepared to have a predetermined composition; a forming step for forming, into a flat glass sheet, the molten glass that has been melted in the melting step; and an annealing step for annealing the flat glass sheet, wherein a condition for cooling the flat glass sheet is controlled so as to reduce the heat shrinkage rate of the flat glass sheet.

One subject of the invention is a process for manufacturing a glass, the chemical composition of which comprises at least 3% by weight of iron oxide, expressed in the form Fe.sub.2O.sub.3, comprising a step of electric melting, using electrodes submerged in the molten glass, of a vitrifiable batch material mixture containing at least one manganese carrier wherein the manganese is in an oxidation state higher than +2.

One subject of the invention is a process for manufacturing a glass, the chemical composition of which comprises at least 3% by weight of iron oxide, expressed in the form Fe.sub.2O.sub.3, comprising a step of electric melting, using electrodes submerged in the molten glass, of a vitrifiable batch material mixture containing at least one manganese carrier wherein the manganese is in an oxidation state higher than +2.