A glass melting component for use in a melt includes at least one guide structure for the conveying and/or nucleation of gas bubbles from the melt. The guide structure is present at least on a surface of the glass melting component which faces the melt during use of the glass melting component.

A glass melting component for use in a melt includes at least one guide structure for the conveying and/or nucleation of gas bubbles from the melt. The guide structure is present at least on a surface of the glass melting component which faces the melt during use of the glass melting component.

Glass melting process including the introduction of a vitrifiable solid charge into a furnace, heating and melting of charge thereby obtaining molten glass. Discharging the molten glass from the furnace and discharging a CO.sub.2-containing gaseous effluent from the furnace. The charge having at least one carbonate undergoing a dissociation reaction and releasing gaseous CO.sub.2 when heated and melted. The gaseous effluent discharged from the furnace being used to produce, at least one additive in the form of an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal carbonate, at least a part of which is incorporated in the charge which is introduced into the furnace.

A method of making a glass product includes: melting a batch of raw materials to form a glass melt in a melting tank; heating the batch and/or the glass melt using two or more electrodes, the electrodes including an electrode material and heating the batch and/or the glass melt includes operating the electrodes at a current frequency of at least 1,000 Hz and at most 5,000 Hz; withdrawing the glass melt from the melting tank; and forming the glass melt into the glass product.

A sealing system for isolating the environment inside a vitrification container from the outside environment comprises a vitrification container with a lid. The lid comprises two or more electrode seal assemblies through which two or more electrodes may be operatively positioned and extend down through the lid into the vitrification container. The electrodes may move axially up and down through the electrode seal assemblies or lock into place. The electrode seal assemblies each comprise a housing having two halves with recessed ring grooves. Sealing rings with a split may be placed into the grooves. Gas galleries may be machined or cast into the housing such that they are adjacent to the ring grooves. The gas galleries distribute gas onto the external faces of the sealing rings causing a change in pressure resulting in the sealing rings compressing onto the electrodes and forming a seal.

A sealing system for isolating the environment inside a vitrification container from the outside environment comprises a vitrification container with a lid. The lid comprises two or more electrode seal assemblies through which two or more electrodes may be operatively positioned and extend down through the lid into the vitrification container. The electrodes may move axially up and down through the electrode seal assemblies or lock into place. The electrode seal assemblies each comprise a housing having two halves with recessed ring grooves. Sealing rings with a split may be placed into the grooves. Gas galleries may be machined or cast into the housing such that they are adjacent to the ring grooves. The gas galleries distribute gas onto the external faces of the sealing rings causing a change in pressure resulting in the sealing rings compressing onto the electrodes and forming a seal.

Embodiments disclosed herein include methods and systems for melting or augmenting a melt rate of material in a melter using electromagnetic radiation with a frequency between 0.9 GHz and 10 GHz. In some examples, a power and/or frequency of radiation used may be selected so as to control a temperature of a cold cap in the melter while maintaining emissions from the melter below a threshold level. In this manner, examples described herein may provide for efficient and safe melting and vitrification of radioactive wastes.

Embodiments disclosed herein include methods and systems for melting or augmenting a melt rate of material in a melter using electromagnetic radiation with a frequency between 0.9 GHz and 10 GHz. In some examples, a power and/or frequency of radiation used may be selected so as to control a temperature of a cold cap in the melter while maintaining emissions from the melter below a threshold level. In this manner, examples described herein may provide for efficient and safe melting and vitrification of radioactive wastes.

Process for thermoprocessing a non-gaseous charge in a furnace (13), whereby) carbon dioxide released by the charge during said thermoprocessing, a non-zero fraction (7) of the flue gas (6) which contains said released carbon dioxide being combined with hydrogen (3) and subjected to a rWGS reaction with said hydrogen (3), whereafter the reaction product (9) of the rWGS reaction is supplied to the furnace (13) as fuel.

An apparatus and a method for producing glass products from a glass melt, avoiding bubble formation, are disclosed, wherein the apparatus includes a crucible and an internally component for processing the glass melt, and wherein, for heating the glass melt, the apparatus comprises an AC generator which energizes the crucible or stirring crucible via electrical connection elements. The component or stirring system is connected via a current-limiting choke having a variable impedance with the power supply elements. The impedance of the current-limiting choke is adjusted so that a AC density existing in the glass melt lies between a lower limit value and an upper limit value. By means of a choke and by adjusting the impedance it can be achieved that the AC load of the system can be minimized and that simultaneously the water decomposition reaction at the precious metal surfaces can positively be influenced.