A substrate stack includes: at least two substrates including a base substrate and a cover substrate; at least one first laser weld line for welding the base substrate and the cover substrate; and at least one second beam spot or at least one second laser weld line at least one of situated next to the at least one first laser weld line or positioned such that a stress reduction in the at least one first laser weld line is achieved by the at least one second beam spot or second laser weld line, thus improving the mechanical stability of the substrate stack.

Plate glasses of the same material are stacked each other to form a hollow portion between the plate glasses. The stacked plate glasses are heated to a temperature which is a softening point thereof or below and is a temperature or above at which the material can be diffusion-bonded at a predetermined pressure or higher. The heated and stacked plate glasses are pressed to a predetermined pressure or higher using a die. Together with or subsequent to the pressing, a gas pressure is applied into the hollow portion by feeding gas into the hollow portion. Next, the stacked plate glasses, in which the gas pressure is applied to the hollow portion, are cooled to the strain point while being held with the die.

An additive manufacturing process includes forming an object material stack using sheet materials without use of binder material between the sheet materials and forming features of the cross-sectional layers of a 3D object in the corresponding sheet materials. Another process involves forming features of the cross-sectional layers of a 3D object in soot layers of a laminated soot sheet. A manufactured article includes three or more glass layers laminated together without any binder material between the glass layers. At least one of the glass layers is composed of silica or doped silica, and at least one feature is formed in at least one of the glass layers.

The disclosure discloses a manufacturing method of tempered vacuum glass, comprising the following steps: (1) manufacturing metalized layers, and performing tempering or thermal enhancement on the glass substrates; (2) placing a metal solder on the metalized layers; (3) superposing the glass substrates to form a tempered glass assembly; (4) heating the tempered glass assembly to 60-230° C.; (5) keeping the tempered glass assembly within the heating temperature range of step (4) in a vacuum chamber, and vacuumizing the vacuum chamber to a preset vacuum degree; and (6) hermetically sealing the metalized layers by adopting a metal brazing process. By adopting the manufacturing method of the disclosure, the stress when the two glass substrates are sealed can be greatly reduced, and the connection strength can be increased; moreover, when gas is exhausted within the temperature range, the exhaust efficiency is high, and the exhaust effect is better, vacuum glass with high vacuum degree can be obtained, and the service life of the vacuum glass is prolonged. The disclosure further discloses a tempered vacuum glass production line based on the above mentioned manufacturing method.

A method of printing a 3D object includes feeding one or more preformed materials from a feed outlet into a build zone in which a hot spot is located and using the hot spot to selectively heat the one or more preformed materials to a viscous state. Object layers are formed by depositing portions of the preformed materials on a build surface, or on another object layer on the build surface, while effecting relative motion between the build surface and the feed outlet.

A glass panel unit includes a first panel, a second panel, a sealing portion in a frame shape, a plurality of pillars, and a gas adsorbent. The sealing portion in the frame shape hermetically bonds respective peripheral edges of the first panel and the second panel together so as to create an evacuated, hermetically sealed space between the first panel and the second panel. The plurality of pillars and the gas adsorbent are arranged in the hermetically sealed space. The gas adsorbent contains: a non-metallic getter material having a porous structure with the ability to adsorb gas molecules; and a metallic getter material having a metallic surface with the ability to adsorb gas molecules.

A standalone lithium ion-conductive solid electrolyte including a freestanding inorganic vitreous sheet of sulfide-based lithium ion conducting glass is capable of high performance in a lithium metal battery by providing a high degree of lithium ion conductivity while being highly resistant to the initiation and/or propagation of lithium dendrites. Such an electrolyte is also itself manufacturable, and readily adaptable for battery cell and cell component manufacture, in a cost-effective, scalable manner.

The disclosure discloses a manufacturing method of tempered vacuum glass. At least one glass substrate constituting the tempered vacuum glass is reserved with an extraction opening, and the manufacturing method comprises the following steps: (1) manufacturing metalized layers, and performing tempering or thermal enhancement on the glass substrates; (2) placing a metal solder on the metalized layers; (3) superposing the glass substrates; (4) heating the overall glass substrates to 60-150° C.; (5) hermetically sealing the glass substrates under the condition of ensuring the heating temperature; (6) heating; (7) vacuumizing; and (8) closing the extraction opening, thus accomplishing the manufacturing process. The manufacturing method in the present disclosure can greatly reduce the stress when the two glass substrates are sealed, improve the soldering strength and prolong the service life of the tempered vacuum glass. The disclosure further discloses a tempered vacuum glass production line based on the above manufacturing method.

The disclosure discloses a manufacturing method of tempered vacuum glass. At least one glass substrate constituting the tempered vacuum glass is reserved with an extraction opening, and the manufacturing method comprises the following steps: (1) manufacturing metalized layers, and performing tempering or thermal enhancement on the glass substrates; (2) placing a metal solder on the metalized layers; (3) superposing the glass substrates; (4) heating the overall glass substrates to 60-150° C.; (5) hermetically sealing the glass substrates under the condition of ensuring the heating temperature; (6) heating; (7) vacuumizing; and (8) closing the extraction opening, thus accomplishing the manufacturing process. The manufacturing method in the present disclosure can greatly reduce the stress when the two glass substrates are sealed, improve the soldering strength and prolong the service life of the tempered vacuum glass. The disclosure further discloses a tempered vacuum glass production line based on the above manufacturing method.

A glass panel unit manufacturing method includes a bonding step, a pressure reducing step, and a sealing step. The bonding step includes bonding together a first substrate and a second substrate with a first sealant to create an inner space. The pressure reducing step includes producing a reduced pressure in the inner space through an exhaust port that the first substrate has. The sealing step includes melting and expanding a second sealant, inserted into the exhaust port, by heating the second sealant and thereby sealing the exhaust port up with the second sealant expanded to the point of coming into contact with a dam arranged in the inner space.