Provided are a glass composition and a sealing material capable of sealing at a low temperature while having good weather resistance. The glass composition according to the present invention contains, in mol %, 15% to 80% of TeO.sub.2, 0.1% to 30% of MoO.sub.3+Ag.sub.2O, 5% to 40% of V.sub.2O.sub.5, 0.1% to 35% of CuO, and 0% to 10% of PbO.

A sapphire sheet is laminated to a glass sheet with a gradient layer that transitions from a composition of predominantly Al.sub.2O.sub.3 at the sapphire sheet to a composition of predominantly SiO.sub.2 at the glass sheet. The gradient layer chemically bonds to both the sapphire sheet and the glass sheet and has no distinct interfaces.

A conversion element, a component and a method for producing the component are disclosed. In an embodiment the conversion element includes a phosphor configured to convert electromagnetic primary radiation into electromagnetic secondary radiation and a glass composition as matrix material in which the phosphor is embedded. The glass composition has the following chemical composition: at least one tellurium oxide with a proportion of 65 mole % as a minimum and 90 mole % as a maximum, R.sup.1O with a proportion of between 0 mole % and 20 mole %, at least one M.sup.1.sub.2O with a proportion of between 5 mole % and 25 mole %, at least one R.sup.2.sub.2O.sub.3 with a proportion of between 1 mole % and 3 mole %, M.sup.2O.sub.2 with a proportion of between 0 mole % and 2 mole %, and R.sup.3.sub.2O.sub.5 with a proportion of between 0 mole % and 6 mole %.

A conductive paste is provided including a conductive material, glass frit and an organic vehicle. The glass frit includes V.sub.2O.sub.5, TeO.sub.2, Bi.sub.2O.sub.3, and Al.sub.2O.sub.3. V.sub.2O.sub.5 is present in an amount of from about 15 wt. % to about 30 wt. % based on the total weight of the glass frit. Articles containing the conductive paste and methods for using the conductive paste are also provided.

Methods of manufacturing a glass-based article includes exposing a glass-based substrate having a lithium aluminosilicate composition to an ion exchange treatment to form the glass-based article. The ion exchange treatment including a molten salt bath having a concentration of a sodium salt in a range from 8 mol % to 100 mol %. The glass-based article includes sodium having a non-zero varying concentration extending from a surface of the glass-based article to a depth of the glass-based article The glass-based article has compressive stress layer extending from the surface to a spike depth of layer from 4 micrometers to 8 micrometers. The glass-based article includes a molar ratio of potassium oxide (K.sub.2O) to sodium oxide (Na.sub.2O) averaged over a distance from the surface to a depth of 0.4 micrometers that is greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1.8.

A conductive paste including (A) conductive particles, (B) a glass frit containing substantially no lead, arsenic, tellurium, and antimony, and (C) a solvent. The glass frit (B) has a remelting temperature of 320 to 360 C., wherein the remelting temperature is indicated by a peak top of at least one endothermic peak having an endotherm of 20 J/g or more in a DSC curve as measured by a differential scanning calorimeter. The conductive paste can also include at least one metal oxide (D) selected from the group consisting of tin oxide, zinc oxide, indium oxide, and copper oxide. The glass frit (B) can further include (B-1) Ag.sub.2O, (B-2) V.sub.2O.sub.5, and (B-3) MoO.sub.3. The conductive paste can achieve binding at a relatively low temperature (such as 370 C. or lower) and maintains a bond strength at a relatively high temperature (such as 300 to 360 C.).

Methods of manufacturing a glass-based article includes exposing a glass-based substrate having a lithium aluminosilicate composition to an ion exchange treatment to form the glass-based article. The ion exchange treatment including a molten salt bath having a concentration of a sodium salt in a range from 8 mol % to 100 mol %. The glass-based article includes sodium having a non-zero varying concentration extending from a surface of the glass-based article to a depth of the glass-based article. The glass-based article has compressive stress layer extending from the surface to a spike depth of layer from 4 micrometers to 8 micrometers. The glass-based article includes a molar ratio of potassium oxide (K.sub.2O) to sodium oxide (Na.sub.2O) averaged over a distance from the surface to a depth of 0.4 micrometers that is greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1.8.

A glass material less likely to cause inconveniences, such as crystallization and the generation of devitrified matters, while holding desired optical properties, has a refractive index of 1.8 or more and a content of Al.sub.2O.sub.3 of over 0 to 500 mass ppm.

A glass article contains: in mol %, more than 0% to 70% of La.sub.2O.sub.3, 0% to 80% of B.sub.2O.sub.3, 0% to 40% of SiO.sub.2, 0% to 80% of B.sub.2O.sub.3+Al.sub.2O.sub.3+SiO.sub.2, 0% to 85% of Gd.sub.2O.sub.3+Ga.sub.2O.sub.3+Y.sub.2O.sub.3+Yb.sub.2O.sub.3+ZrO.sub.2+TiO.sub.2+Nb.sub.2O.sub.5+Ta.sub.2O.sub.5+WO.sub.3, 0% to 15% of MgO+CaO+SrO+BaO, 0% to 35% of ZnO, and more than 0% to 5% of CuO.