A method of forming a solid, dense, hermetic lithium-ion electrolyte membrane comprises combing an amorphous, glassy, or low melting temperature solid reactant with a refractory oxide reactant to form a mixture, casting the mixture to form a green body, and sintering the green body to form a solid membrane. The resulting electrolyte membranes can be incorporated into lithium-ion batteries.

A method of forming a solid, dense, hermetic lithium-ion electrolyte membrane comprises combing an amorphous, glassy, or low melting temperature solid reactant with a refractory oxide reactant to form a mixture, casting the mixture to form a green body, and sintering the green body to form a solid membrane. The resulting electrolyte membranes can be incorporated into lithium-ion batteries.

A method of forming a solid, dense, hermetic lithium-ion electrolyte membrane comprises combing an amorphous, glassy, or low melting temperature solid reactant with a refractory oxide reactant to form a mixture, casting the mixture to form a green body, and sintering the green body to form a solid membrane. The resulting electrolyte membranes can be incorporated into lithium-ion batteries.

A method of forming a solid, dense, hermetic lithium-ion electrolyte membrane comprises combing an amorphous, glassy, or low melting temperature solid reactant with a refractory oxide reactant to form a mixture, casting the mixture to form a green body, and sintering the green body to form a solid membrane. The resulting electrolyte membranes can be incorporated into lithium-ion batteries.

Provided are an optical glass that has optical properties including a medium refractive index and low dispersion and that has good chemical durability and a low specific gravity, and a preform material and an optical element that use the optical glass.

The optical glass contains a SiO.sub.2 component: 0% or more and less than 30.0%; 8.0% to 30.0% of an Al.sub.2O.sub.3 component; less than 20.0% of an RO component (where R represents at least one selected from the group consisting of Zn, Mg, Ca, Sr, and Ba) in terms of a mass sum; and 10.0% to 55.0% of an Ln.sub.2O.sub.3 component (where Ln represents at least one selected from the group consisting of La, Gd, Y, and Lu) in terms of a mass sum.

A mass ratio (SiO.sub.2+Al.sub.2O.sub.3)/B.sub.2O.sub.3 is 0.3 to 10.0, and the optical glass has a refractive index (n.sub.d) of 1.58 or more and 1.80 or less and an Abbe number (.sub.d) of 35 or more and 65 or less.

Provided is optical glass containing, in terms of mol % of cations: 10 to 60% of a La.sup.3+ component; more than 0% and up to 75% of a Ga.sup.3+ component; and 5 to 75% of a Nb.sup.5+ component, in which a total amount of the La.sup.3+ component, Ga.sup.3+ component, and Nb.sup.5+ component is 60 to 100%.

Provided is optical glass containing, in terms of mol % of cations: 10 to 60% of a La.sup.3+ component; more than 0% and up to 75% of a Ga.sup.3+ component; and 5 to 75% of a Nb.sup.5+ component, in which a total amount of the La.sup.3+ component, Ga.sup.3+ component, and Nb.sup.5+ component is 60 to 100%.

The present disclosure relates to a bonding glass which has improved water resistance and has a coefficient of thermal expansion (25-300) of from 14.Math.10.sup.6K.sup.1 to 17.Math.10.sup.6K.sup.1, comprising, in mol % on an oxide basis, 5-7 of B.sub.2O.sub.3, 10-14 of Al.sub.2O.sub.3, 36-43 of P.sub.2O.sub.5, 15-22 of Na.sub.2O, 12.5-20 of K.sub.2O, 2-6 of Bi.sub.2O.sub.3 and >0-6 of R oxide, where R oxide is an oxide selected from the group consisting of MnO.sub.2 and SiO.sub.2 and SnO.sub.2 and Ta.sub.2O.sub.5 and Nb.sub.2O.sub.5 and Fe.sub.2O.sub.3 and GeO.sub.2 and CaO. The bonding glass is free of PbO except for, at most, impurities. The bonding glass may have a glass transition temperature Tg of from 390 C. to 430 C. The present disclosure also relates to uses of this bonding glass.

The present disclosure relates to a bonding glass which has improved water resistance and has a coefficient of thermal expansion (25-300) of from 14.Math.10.sup.6K.sup.1 to 17.Math.10.sup.6K.sup.1, comprising, in mol % on an oxide basis, 5-7 of B.sub.2O.sub.3, 10-14 of Al.sub.2O.sub.3, 36-43 of P.sub.2O.sub.5, 15-22 of Na.sub.2O, 12.5-20 of K.sub.2O, 2-6 of Bi.sub.2O.sub.3 and >0-6 of R oxide, where R oxide is an oxide selected from the group consisting of MnO.sub.2 and SiO.sub.2 and SnO.sub.2 and Ta.sub.2O.sub.5 and Nb.sub.2O.sub.5 and Fe.sub.2O.sub.3 and GeO.sub.2 and CaO. The bonding glass is free of PbO except for, at most, impurities. The bonding glass may have a glass transition temperature Tg of from 390 C. to 430 C. The present disclosure also relates to uses of this bonding glass.

A lithium-ion conductive glass-ceramic article has a crystalline component characterized by the formula MA.sub.2(XO.sub.4).sub.3, where M represents one or more monovalent or divalent cations selected from Li, Na and Zn, A represents one or more trivalent, tetravalent or pentavalent cations selected from Al, Cr, Fe, Ga, Si, Ti, Ge, V and Nb, and X represents P cations which may be partially substituted by B cations.