A method and/or system is provided for detecting and/or identifying inclusions (e.g., nickel sulfide based inclusions/defects) in glass such as soda-lime-silica based float glass. In certain example instances, during and/or after the glass-making process, following the stage in the float process where the glass sheet is formed and floated on a molten material (e.g., tin bath) and cooled or allowed to cool such as via an annealing lehr, energy such as infrared (IR) energy is directed at the resulting glass and reflectance at various wavelengths is analyzed to detect inclusions.

The near-infrared absorbing glass includes four or more kinds of the prescribed main cations, and includes P ions, Ba ions and Cu ions as essential cations, wherein, in a glass composition expressed in anion %, the content of O ions is 90.0 anion % or more, in a glass composition expressed in atomic %, the ratio of the content of O ions to the content of P ions is 3.15 or less, in a glass composition expressed in mol % based on oxides, the total content of B.sub.2O.sub.3 and SiO.sub.2 is 3.0 mol % or less, the total content of MgO and Al.sub.2O.sub.3 is 8.0 mol % or less, and the total content of Li.sub.2O, Na.sub.2O and K.sub.2O is 15 mol % or less.

Near-infrared shielding includes a glass material. The shielding provides transmittance at wavelengths between 390 to 700 nm, but near infrared absorbing species are distributed throughout the glass material and the shielding blocks light in the near infrared range. Further, the glass material has a near zero or negative coefficient of thermal expansion, allowing the glass material to heat up when the shielding is blocking a near infrared laser, without expanding much.

A glass-ceramic includes glass and crystalline phases, where the crystalline phase includes non-stoichiometric suboxides of titanium, forming bronze-type solid state defect structures in which vacancies are occupied with dopant cations.

A volume-colored monolithic glass ceramic cooking plate is provided. The plate includes a first zone in which the coloration of the glass ceramic differs from that of a second, adjacent zone, so that an absorption coefficient of the first zone is lower than the absorption coefficient of the second, adjacent zone and so that integral light transmission in the visible spectral range is greater in the first zone than the integral light transmission of the second, adjacent zone. The light scattering in the glass ceramic of the first zone differs from light scattering in the glass ceramic of the second zone by not more than 20 percentage points, preferably by not more than 5 percentage points.

A glass-ceramic includes a silicate-containing glass and crystals within the silicate-containing glass. The crystals include non-stoichiometric tungsten and/or molybdenum sub-oxides, and the crystals are intercalated with dopant cations.

A solar dark green glass and a vehicle are provided. The solar dark green glass includes a glass basic component and a glass tinted component. The solar dark green glass includes a glass basic component and a mass tinted component. The glass tinted component includes, as percentages by weight, 0.8%-2.0% total iron expressed as Fe.sub.2O.sub.3, 0.01%-0.6% TiO.sub.2, 0.001%-2.0% CeO.sub.2, 5 ppm-150 ppm Cr.sub.2O.sub.3, 15 ppm-60 ppm Zro.sub.2, 2 ppm-1000 ppm CuO, 5 ppm-50 ppm SrO, 80 ppm-200 ppm BaO, and 5 ppm-120 ppm Co.sub.2O.sub.3. A content of total iron expressed as Fe.sub.2O.sub.3 and a content of TiO.sub.2 total 1.0%-2.0%, and the content of TiO.sub.2 and a content of CeO.sub.2 total 0.2%-2.1%. The solar dark green glass manufactured has a thickness of 1.6 mm-2.1 mm, and solar direct transmittance less than or equal to 65%, infrared transmittance less than or equal to 45%, and ultraviolet transmittance less than or equal to 35%.

A glass-ceramic includes a silicate-containing glass and crystals within the silicate-containing glass. The crystals include non-stoichiometric tungsten and/or molybdenum sub-oxides, and the crystals are intercalated with dopant cations.

It is an object of the present invention to provide near infrared cutoff filter glass having a high transmittance in a visible light range and a low transmittance in a near infrared light range and being excellent in the devitrification resistance, even though the concentration of Cu components in the glass is high for forming a thin plate. A near infrared cutoff filter glass, which comprises, as represented by cation percentage: P.sup.5+ 30 to 50%, Al.sup.3+ 5 to 20%, R.sup.+ 20 to 40% (wherein R.sup.+ is the total amount of Li.sup.++Na.sup.++K.sup.+), R.sup.2+ 5 to 30% (wherein R.sup.2+ is the total amount of Mg.sup.2++Ca.sup.2++Sr.sup.2++Ba.sup.2++Zn.sup.2+), Cu.sup.2+ 3 to 15% and comprises, as represented by anion percentage: O.sup.2 30 to 90% and F.sup. 10 to 70%, wherein (Li.sup.++Na.sup.++K.sup.+)/(P.sup.5++Al.sup.3+) is from 0.45 to 1.0, and (Sr.sup.2++Ba.sup.2++Cu.sup.2+)/(Al.sup.3++Mg.sup.2++Ca.sup.2+) is from 0.5 to 1.0.

A glass-ceramic includes a silicate-containing glass and crystals within the silicate-containing glass. The crystals include non-stoichiometric tungsten and/or molybdenum sub-oxides, and the crystals are intercalated with dopant cations.