A laminate glass-ceramic article is provided that includes: a core glass layer having a first coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE); and a plurality of clad glass-ceramic layers, each having a CTE that is lower than or equal to the first CTE of the core glass layer. A first of the clad glass-ceramic layers is laminated to a first surface of core glass layer and a second of the clad glass-ceramic layers is laminated to a second surface of the core glass layer. Further, a total thickness of the plurality of clad glass-ceramic layers is from about 0.05 mm to about 0.5 mm. In addition, each of the glass-ceramic layers includes: an alumino-boro-silicate glass, 0 mol %MoO315 mol %, and 0 mol %WO315 mol %, the WO3 (mol %) plus the MoO3 (mol %) is from 0.7 mol % to 19 mol %.

A method and/or system is provided for detecting and/or identifying inclusions (e.g., nickel sulfide based inclusions/defects) in glass such as soda-lime-silica based float glass. In certain example instances, during and/or after the glass-making process, following the stage in the float process where the glass sheet is formed and floated on a molten material (e.g., tin bath) and cooled or allowed to cool such as via an annealing lehr, energy such as infrared (IR) energy is directed at the resulting glass and reflectance at various wavelengths is analyzed to detect inclusions.

Embodiments of a glass-ceramic, glass-ceramic article or glass-ceramic window that includes 40 mol %SiO.sub.280 mol %; 1 mol %Al.sub.2O.sub.315 mol %; 3 mol %B.sub.2O.sub.350 mol %; 0 mol %R.sub.2O15 mol %; 0 mol %RO2 mol %; 0 mol %P.sub.2O.sub.53 mol %; 0 mol %SnO.sub.20.5 mol %; 0.1 mol %MoO.sub.315 mol %; and 0 mol %WO.sub.310 mol % (or 0 mol %<MoO.sub.315 mol %; 0.1 mol %WO.sub.310 mol %; and 0.01 mol %V.sub.2O.sub.50.2 mol %), wherein the WO.sub.3 (mol %) plus the MoO.sub.3 (mol %) is from 1 mol % to 19 mol %, and wherein R.sub.2O (mol %) minus the Al.sub.2O.sub.3 (mol %) is from 12 mol % to 4 mol %, are disclosed.

A glass-ceramic includes a silicate-containing glass and crystals within the silicate-containing glass. The crystals include non-stoichiometric tungsten and/or molybdenum sub-oxides, and the crystals are intercalated with dopant cations.

A wavelength-selective transmissive glass has a light transmittance T.sub.more than 315 nm and 400 nm or less at a wavelength of more than 315 nm and 400 nm or less represented by the formula shown below of 1% or more in terms of a plate thickness of 6 mm and a light transmittance T.sub.315 nm or less at a wavelength of 315 nm or less represented by the formula shown below of 60% or less in terms of a plate thickness of 6 mm. A.sub.k is a weighting factor at a wavelength k (nm) for calculating T (light transmittance) defined in ISO-9050:2003, and T.sub.k is a transmittance at the wavelength k (nm) in terms of a plate thickness of 6 mm:
T.sub.more than 315 nm and 400 nm or less=(.sub.k=more than 315.sup.400A.sub.kT.sub.k)/(.sub.k=more than 315.sup.400A.sub.k)
T.sub.315 nm or less=(.sub.k=300.sup.315A.sub.kT.sub.k)/(.sub.k=300.sup.315A.sub.k).

A method for controlling the evaporation of the liquid ingredients contained in the container by changing the composition of the glassware and glassware. Containing of the oxides effective for far-infrared radiation as the constituents in the glassware composed mainly by silica in following by contacting the liquids ingredients contained in the container with their glassware, controls the evaporation of liquids ingredients. The 5-40 mass % of the oxides effective for far-infrared radiation such as transparent oxides such as titanium oxide, zinc oxide, etc., or the 1-10 mass % of oxides of either transition metal oxides such as iron oxide, cobalt oxide, etc. or rare earth oxides such as neodymium oxide, cerium oxide, etc. for coloring, may be contained in said glassware.

A glass-ceramic includes SiO.sub.2 from about 50 mol % to about 80 mol %, Al.sub.2O.sub.3 from about 0.3 mol % to about 15 mol %, B.sub.2O.sub.3 from about 5 mol % to about 40 mol %, WO.sub.3 from about 2 mol % to about 15 mol %, and R.sub.2O from about 0 mol % to about 15 mol %, wherein R.sub.2O is one or more of Li.sub.2O, Na.sub.2O, K.sub.2O, Rb.sub.2O and Cs.sub.2O. A difference in the amount of the R.sub.2O and the Al.sub.2O.sub.3 ranges from about 12 mol % to about 2.5 mol %.

The invention provides an optical glass having excellent precision molding performance and having a refractive index of 1.46-1.53 and an Abbe number of 77-84. The optical glass comprises the following components based on cations in the molar percentage: P.sup.5+: 10-35%, Al.sup.3+: 10-35%, Ba.sup.2+: 1-20%, Sr.sup.2+: 10-35%, Ca.sup.2+: 1-20%, Gd.sup.3+: 0-10%, and Na.sup.+: 0-10%; the ratio of Sr.sup.2+/(Gd.sup.3++Na.sup.+) being 1-30; anions comprising F.sup. and O.sup.2, wherein the ratio F.sup./P.sup.5+ of F.sup. content relative to the total molar percentage of anions to P.sup.5+ content relative to the total molar percentage of cations is 2.5 or more. The invention by rationally adjusting the proportions of the components, the molding performance of the optical glass is improved, and the problem that glass is broken and forms fogs during the molding process is solved, thereby the yield in manufacturing optical elements is improved.

A glass-ceramic includes a silicate-containing glass and crystals within the silicate-containing glass. The crystals include non-stoichiometric tungsten and/or molybdenum sub-oxides, and the crystals are intercalated with dopant cations.

A glass sheet contains, as represented by mass percentage based on oxides, SiO.sub.2: 65 to 75%, Al.sub.2O.sub.3: 0 to 20%, MgO: 0 to 5%, CaO: 2 to 20%, Na.sub.2O: 5 to 20%, K.sub.2O: 0 to 10%, total iron in terms of Fe.sub.2O.sub.3: 0.2 to 1.0%, and TiO.sub.2: 0.65 to 1.5%. The glass sheet has a ratio of the content of MgO to RO of 0.20 or less denoting RO as a total amount of MgO, CaO, SrO and BaO, and a mass ratio of divalent iron in terms of Fe.sub.2O.sub.3 to the total iron in terms of Fe.sub.2O.sub.3 of from 30 to 57%. The glass sheet has a visible light transmittance Tv_A of 65% or more, a solar transmittance Te of 50% or less, and a dominant wavelength Dw of transmitted light of from 508 to 580 nm, in terms of a 3.9-mm thickness of the glass sheet.