A method for preparing a laminate substrate for a light emitting device includes providing a glass substrate having a refraction index, at 550 nm, of between 1.45 and 1.65, coating a glass frit having a refractive index, at 550 nm, of at least 1.7 onto the glass substrate, firing the resulting frit coated glass substrate at a temperature above the Littleton temperature of the glass frit thereby forming a first high index enamel layer, coating a metal oxide layer onto the first high index enamel layer, and firing the resulting coated glass substrate at a temperature above the Littleton temperature of the glass frit, thereby making react the metal oxide with the underlying first high index enamel layer and forming a second high index enamel layer with a plurality of spherical voids embedded in the upper section of the second high index enamel layer near the interface with air.

A powder magnetic core having excellent specific resistance or strength. The powder magnetic core has soft magnetic particles, first coating layers that coat the surfaces of the soft magnetic particles and include aluminum nitride, and second coating layers that coat at least a part of the surfaces of the first coating layers and include a low-melting-point glass having a softening point lower than an annealing temperature for the soft magnetic particles. The first coating layers including aluminum nitride are excellent in the wettability to the low-melting-point glass which constitutes the second coating layers and suppress diffusion of constitutional elements between the soft magnetic particles and the low-melting-point glass of the second coating layers. The powder magnetic core can stably exhibit a higher specific resistance and higher strength than the prior art owing to such a synergistic action of the first coating layers and second coating layers.

A powder magnetic core having excellent specific resistance or strength. The powder magnetic core has soft magnetic particles, first coating layers that coat the surfaces of the soft magnetic particles and include aluminum nitride, and second coating layers that coat at least a part of the surfaces of the first coating layers and include a low-melting-point glass having a softening point lower than an annealing temperature for the soft magnetic particles. The first coating layers including aluminum nitride are excellent in the wettability to the low-melting-point glass which constitutes the second coating layers and suppress diffusion of constitutional elements between the soft magnetic particles and the low-melting-point glass of the second coating layers. The powder magnetic core can stably exhibit a higher specific resistance and higher strength than the prior art owing to such a synergistic action of the first coating layers and second coating layers.

A method of making a ceramic glaze formulation having an antimicrobial property for use with a ceramic article. The method comprises fritting an antimicrobial formulation in a flux frit, providing least one unfritted antimicrobial component, providing a silver carrier in a glass matrix, and combining the flux frit, the at least one unfritted component, and the silver carrier in the glass matrix to form the ceramic glaze formulation. The silver carrier is combined at an addition rate based on a dry weight basis of the ceramic glaze formulation. A ceramic glaze additive formulation and ceramic glazed article are also provided.

Colored CTE modifiers may be added to a glass frit system to modify the CTE of a resulting fired enamel. The CTE modifier is colored. The colored CTE modifier may include a modified Pseudo-Brookite type material having a formula Al.sub.2TiO.sub.5, where Al and/or Ti are partially substituted with one or more coloring ions including Fe, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, and Cu; a modified Cordierite type material having a formula Mg.sub.2Al.sub.4Si.sub.5O.sub.18, wherein Mg and/or Al is partially substituted with one or more of the coloring ions; a Perovskite type material having a formula Sm.sub.1−xSr.sub.xMnO.sub.3−δ, where x=0.0-0.5 and δ=0.0-0.25, or a modified version of the Perovskite type material wherein Sr is partially substituted with Ba and/or Ca; a modified magnesium pyrophosphate type material having a formula Mg.sub.2P.sub.2O.sub.7 wherein Mg is substituted with Co and/or Zn ions; or combinations thereof.

Colored CTE modifiers may be added to a glass frit system to modify the CTE of a resulting fired enamel. The CTE modifier is colored. The colored CTE modifier may include a modified Pseudo-Brookite type material having a formula Al.sub.2TiO.sub.5, where Al and/or Ti are partially substituted with one or more coloring ions including Fe, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, and Cu; a modified Cordierite type material having a formula Mg.sub.2Al.sub.4Si.sub.5O.sub.18, wherein Mg and/or Al is partially substituted with one or more of the coloring ions; a Perovskite type material having a formula Sm.sub.1−xSr.sub.xMnO.sub.3−δ, where x=0.0-0.5 and δ=0.0-0.25, or a modified version of the Perovskite type material wherein Sr is partially substituted with Ba and/or Ca; a modified magnesium pyrophosphate type material having a formula Mg.sub.2P.sub.2O.sub.7 wherein Mg is substituted with Co and/or Zn ions; or combinations thereof.

Glass frits and enamel compositions from the glass frits for use in automotive application. The enamel composition includes one or more glass frits with reduced amount of bismuth and/or zinc compared to reference enamel compositions available. The glass frits include one or more transition metal oxides. The glass frits exhibit improved chemical durability, reduced glass density, lower L-value, or optimized optical density for an end user depending on the applications.

Glass frits and enamel compositions from the glass frits for use in automotive application. The enamel composition includes one or more glass frits with reduced amount of bismuth and/or zinc compared to reference enamel compositions available. The glass frits include one or more transition metal oxides. The glass frits exhibit improved chemical durability, reduced glass density, lower L-value, or optimized optical density for an end user depending on the applications.

An enamel composition, a method for preparing an enamel composition, and a cooking appliance are provided. The enamel composition may include silicon dioxide (SiO.sub.2) at 25 to 50 wt %; boron oxide (B.sub.2O.sub.3) at 1 to 15 wt %; one or more of lithium superoxide (Li.sub.2O), sodium oxide (Na.sub.2O), or potassium oxide (K.sub.2O) at 10 to 20 wt %; sodium fluoride (NaF) at 1 to 5 wt %; zinc oxide (ZnO) at 1 to 10 wt %; and one or more of titanium dioxide (TiO.sub.2), molybdenum trioxide (MoO.sub.3), bismuth oxide (Bi.sub.2O.sub.3), or cerium dioxide (CeO.sub.2) at 20 to 40 wt %, such that a heating time required for cleaning is shortened and cleaning is possible without carrying out a water soaking process.

A composition for sealing inorganic substrates, the composition comprising a glass frit and a filler material, wherein said glass frit comprises: 60 to 85 wt % Bi.sub.2O.sub.3; 3 to 15 wt % ZnO; 2 to 10 wt % B.sub.2O.sub.3; 0.6 to 5 wt % SiO.sub.2; 0.6 to 5 wt % Al.sub.2O.sub.3; and 0.1 to 0.5 wt % of a compound selected from NaF and BaF.sub.2.