The present disclosure discloses a type of front finger paste for N-type solar cells. In parts by weight, the raw materials for preparing the paste include 1-5 parts of high-activity glass powder, 1-5 parts of silicon powder, 75-79 parts of aluminum-silicon alloy powder and 15-20 parts of organic component. The front finger paste for N-type solar cells and its preparation method provided by the present disclosure use aluminum paste to replace the aluminum-doped silver paste used in the existing technologies, thus reducing the production cost of N-type solar cells; and the high-activity glass powder contained in the aluminum paste can eliminate the grooving process before printing, thus simplifying the process steps, and it does not damage the passivation layer and can improve the electrical performance of the solar cell.

A sinterable paste formulation usable as cast material in a cast-mold process, in combination with a mold material formulation, is provided. The sinterable paste formulation comprises a power of a sinterable material, in an amount of at least 85% by weight of the total weight of the formulation, a binder as described in the specification, and an aqueous solution which comprises water and a water-miscible organic solvent featuring an evaporation rate in a range of from 0.3 to 0.8 on an n-butyl acetate scale. Methods employing the formulation and objects and products obtained therefrom are also provided.

Colored CTE modifiers may be added to a glass frit system to modify the CTE of a resulting fired enamel. The CTE modifier is colored. The colored CTE modifier may include a modified Pseudo-Brookite type material having a formula Al.sub.2TiO.sub.5, where Al and/or Ti are partially substituted with one or more coloring ions including Fe, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, and Cu; a modified Cordierite type material having a formula Mg.sub.2Al.sub.4Si.sub.5O.sub.18, wherein Mg and/or Al is partially substituted with one or more of the coloring ions; a Perovskite type material having a formula Sm.sub.1−xSr.sub.xMnO.sub.3−δ, where x=0.0-0.5 and δ=0.0-0.25, or a modified version of the Perovskite type material wherein Sr is partially substituted with Ba and/or Ca; a modified magnesium pyrophosphate type material having a formula Mg.sub.2P.sub.2O.sub.7 wherein Mg is substituted with Co and/or Zn ions; or combinations thereof.

Colored CTE modifiers may be added to a glass frit system to modify the CTE of a resulting fired enamel. The CTE modifier is colored. The colored CTE modifier may include a modified Pseudo-Brookite type material having a formula Al.sub.2TiO.sub.5, where Al and/or Ti are partially substituted with one or more coloring ions including Fe, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, and Cu; a modified Cordierite type material having a formula Mg.sub.2Al.sub.4Si.sub.5O.sub.18, wherein Mg and/or Al is partially substituted with one or more of the coloring ions; a Perovskite type material having a formula Sm.sub.1−xSr.sub.xMnO.sub.3−δ, where x=0.0-0.5 and δ=0.0-0.25, or a modified version of the Perovskite type material wherein Sr is partially substituted with Ba and/or Ca; a modified magnesium pyrophosphate type material having a formula Mg.sub.2P.sub.2O.sub.7 wherein Mg is substituted with Co and/or Zn ions; or combinations thereof.

Glass frits and enamel compositions from the glass frits for use in automotive application. The enamel composition includes one or more glass frits with reduced amount of bismuth and/or zinc compared to reference enamel compositions available. The glass frits include one or more transition metal oxides. The glass frits exhibit improved chemical durability, reduced glass density, lower L-value, or optimized optical density for an end user depending on the applications.

Glass frits and enamel compositions from the glass frits for use in automotive application. The enamel composition includes one or more glass frits with reduced amount of bismuth and/or zinc compared to reference enamel compositions available. The glass frits include one or more transition metal oxides. The glass frits exhibit improved chemical durability, reduced glass density, lower L-value, or optimized optical density for an end user depending on the applications.

An enamel composition, a method for preparing an enamel composition, and a cooking appliance are provided. The enamel composition may include silicon dioxide (SiO.sub.2) at 25 to 50 wt %; boron oxide (B.sub.2O.sub.3) at 1 to 15 wt %; one or more of lithium superoxide (Li.sub.2O), sodium oxide (Na.sub.2O), or potassium oxide (K.sub.2O) at 10 to 20 wt %; sodium fluoride (NaF) at 1 to 5 wt %; zinc oxide (ZnO) at 1 to 10 wt %; and one or more of titanium dioxide (TiO.sub.2), molybdenum trioxide (MoO.sub.3), bismuth oxide (Bi.sub.2O.sub.3), or cerium dioxide (CeO.sub.2) at 20 to 40 wt %, such that a heating time required for cleaning is shortened and cleaning is possible without carrying out a water soaking process.

An enamel composition, a method for preparing an enamel composition, and a cooking appliance are provided. The enamel composition may include silicon dioxide (SiO.sub.2) at 25 to 50 wt %; boron oxide (B.sub.2O.sub.3) at 1 to 15 wt %; one or more of lithium superoxide (Li.sub.2O), sodium oxide (Na.sub.2O), or potassium oxide (K.sub.2O) at 10 to 20 wt %; sodium fluoride (NaF) at 1 to 5 wt %; zinc oxide (ZnO) at 1 to 10 wt %; and one or more of titanium dioxide (TiO.sub.2), molybdenum trioxide (MoO.sub.3), bismuth oxide (Bi.sub.2O.sub.3), or cerium dioxide (CeO.sub.2) at 20 to 40 wt %, such that a heating time required for cleaning is shortened and cleaning is possible without carrying out a water soaking process.

A method of decorating a glass substrate having a coating, said method comprising: applying a paste onto at least a portion of said coating in a desired pattern; drying said paste to form a dried paste in said desired pattern; and firing said dried paste to form an enamel in said desired pattern, said enamel being directly bonded to said glass substrate by dissolution of the portion of the coating to which the paste is applied during the firing step. The paste comprises a solids portion dispersed in a dispersion medium, said solids portion including a composition comprising: 10 to 40 mol % ZnO; 20 to 40 mol % B.sub.2O.sub.3; 25 to 65 mol % Bi.sub.2O.sub.3, TeO.sub.2, or PbO, or mixtures thereof; and to 15 mol % Al.sub.2O.sub.3.

A method of decorating a glass substrate having a coating, said method comprising: applying a paste onto at least a portion of said coating in a desired pattern; drying said paste to form a dried paste in said desired pattern; and firing said dried paste to form an enamel in said desired pattern, said enamel being directly bonded to said glass substrate by dissolution of the portion of the coating to which the paste is applied during the firing step. The paste comprises a solids portion dispersed in a dispersion medium, said solids portion including a composition comprising: 10 to 40 mol % ZnO; 20 to 40 mol % B.sub.2O.sub.3; 25 to 65 mol % Bi.sub.2O.sub.3, TeO.sub.2, or PbO, or mixtures thereof; and to 15 mol % Al.sub.2O.sub.3.