A method of manufacturing an optical device is disclosed. The method includes scanning along a curved path at a first surface of a glass plate with a laser beam directed orthogonally to the first surface to form a trench according to a pattern of a waveguide. The curved path is coincident with a longitudinal axis of the waveguide. The method further includes filling the trench with a material having an index different from that of glass to form the waveguide and, after filling the trench, depositing a cladding layer.

A hood for depositing vaporized metals on glass container surfaces includes a vaporized metal source that produces vaporized metal; an enclosure, receiving one or more glass containers, comprising at least one side wall and at least one center section having a top above the glass containers; and one or more conduits that fluidly communicate the vaporized metal to an opening in at least one of the top of the center section and the side wall using one or more conduit fans.

A hood for depositing vaporized metals on glass container surfaces includes a vaporized metal source that produces vaporized metal; an enclosure, receiving one or more glass containers, comprising at least one side wall and at least one center section having a top above the glass containers; and one or more conduits that fluidly communicate the vaporized metal to an opening in at least one of the top of the center section and the side wall using one or more conduit fans.

A laminated glass for a window, comprising: a first glass sheet layer comprising a first main surface to face an outside of the window and a second main surface facing other layers; a second glass sheet layer comprising a third main surface facing other layers and a fourth main glass surface to face a room side; an IR-reflective coating layer, comprising at least one silver layer, on a whole area of at least one of the second and third main surfaces; a first intermediate polymer film layer between the first and the second glass sheet layers; and a sealant on all the way through an edge portion of the IR-reflective coating layer.

A laminated glass for a window, comprising: a first glass sheet layer comprising a first main surface to face an outside of the window and a second main surface facing other layers; a second glass sheet layer comprising a third main surface facing other layers and a fourth main glass surface to face a room side; an IR-reflective coating layer, comprising at least one silver layer, on a whole area of at least one of the second and third main surfaces; a first intermediate polymer film layer between the first and the second glass sheet layers; and a sealant on all the way through an edge portion of the IR-reflective coating layer.

Methods and apparatus for increasing vacancies in a metallic structure are disclosed and for improving a hydrogen loading ratio in the metallic structure. The metallic structure comprises one or more transition metals or metal alloys. The metallic structure is prepared by forming a metal organic precursor and reducing the precursor to a metallic structure, in which a coordination number of the metal atoms is reduced and the vacancies in the metallic structure are increased.

Methods and apparatus for increasing vacancies in a metallic structure are disclosed and for improving a hydrogen loading ratio in the metallic structure. The metallic structure comprises one or more transition metals or metal alloys. The metallic structure is prepared by forming a metal organic precursor and reducing the precursor to a metallic structure, in which a coordination number of the metal atoms is reduced and the vacancies in the metallic structure are increased.

The invention relates to a method for partially coating a surface of an object, comprising the following steps: (a) optional hydrophobization of the surface of the object; (b) partial application of (b1) a liquid and subsequent application of a powderous or granular substance or (b2) a solution or suspension of said powderous or granular substance in a liquid; (c) drying the surface to form spatially-delimited salt or powder crusts; (d) coating the surface with at least one layer of a metal or a metal compound; and (e) removing the salt or powder crusts that have been produced. The invention also relates to products that have been produced according to the claimed method.

The invention relates to a method for partially coating a surface of an object, comprising the following steps: (a) optional hydrophobization of the surface of the object; (b) partial application of (b1) a liquid and subsequent application of a powderous or granular substance or (b2) a solution or suspension of said powderous or granular substance in a liquid; (c) drying the surface to form spatially-delimited salt or powder crusts; (d) coating the surface with at least one layer of a metal or a metal compound; and (e) removing the salt or powder crusts that have been produced. The invention also relates to products that have been produced according to the claimed method.

A transparent structure may have multiple layers, such as an inner layer and an outer layer, which may be formed from glass. The transparent structure may have a large, curved surface with compound curvature and high geometric strain and may include one or more layers. To apply a physical vapor deposition coating with uniform thickness on a curved surface, cathode power may be modulated during the deposition, a mask having an opening with a curvature matching the curved surface may be used, a cathode shape may be varied, the cathodes may sputter the coating outwardly toward the curved surface, a magnetic field may modulate the flux produced by the cathodes, and/or the pressure and/or flow of gas may be adjusted. By modifying the physical vapor deposition coater in one or more of these ways, the coating may have a uniform thickness, and therefore a uniform color, across the curved surface.