This invention provides core shell silica particles, wherein each core shell silica particle comprises a silica core, and a surface of the silica core etched with group I metal silicate. These core shell silica particles have high surface charge density and anti-bacterial activity. Also provided are compositions comprising core shell silica particles, process of making the core shell silica particles and methods of reducing or inhibiting bacterial activity by administering the core shell silica particles or compositions thereof.

This invention provides core shell silica particles, wherein each core shell silica particle comprises a silica core, and a surface of the silica core etched with group I metal silicate. These core shell silica particles have high surface charge density and anti-bacterial activity. Also provided are compositions comprising core shell silica particles, process of making the core shell silica particles and methods of reducing or inhibiting bacterial activity by administering the core shell silica particles or compositions thereof.

A coated article including a first antireflective (AR) coating supported by a glass substrate, wherein the first coating may include, moving away from the glass substrate: a dielectric first high index layer; a dielectric first low index layer; a dielectric second high index layer; a dielectric second low index layer comprising an oxide of silicon; a dielectric third high index layer comprising an oxide of niobium; a dielectric first medium index layer, wherein the third high index layer comprising the oxide of niobium is located between and directly contacting the second low index layer comprising the oxide of silicon and the first medium index layer; a dielectric third low index layer; and an overcoat layer; wherein the first coating contains no IR reflecting layer based on silver and/or gold; wherein, from the perspective of a viewer of the coated article, the first coating may be configured so that the coated article has a film side reflective ΔE* value of no greater than 3.0 upon heat treatment of at least about 580 degrees C. The ΔE* value(s) may be measured either with a substantially symmetrical/similar AR coating on the other side of the same glass substrate, or absent any AR coating on the other side of the glass substrate.

A coated article including a first antireflective (AR) coating supported by a glass substrate, wherein the first coating may include, moving away from the glass substrate: a dielectric first high index layer; a dielectric first low index layer; a dielectric second high index layer; a dielectric second low index layer comprising an oxide of silicon; a dielectric third high index layer comprising an oxide of niobium; a dielectric first medium index layer, wherein the third high index layer comprising the oxide of niobium is located between and directly contacting the second low index layer comprising the oxide of silicon and the first medium index layer; a dielectric third low index layer; and an overcoat layer; wherein the first coating contains no IR reflecting layer based on silver and/or gold; wherein, from the perspective of a viewer of the coated article, the first coating may be configured so that the coated article has a film side reflective ΔE* value of no greater than 3.0 upon heat treatment of at least about 580 degrees C. The ΔE* value(s) may be measured either with a substantially symmetrical/similar AR coating on the other side of the same glass substrate, or absent any AR coating on the other side of the glass substrate.

A glazing unit includes at least one first and second glass or plastic pane that are joined to one another at a predetermined distance via a spacer or a thermoplastic intermediate layer, wherein at least one of the first and second glass or plastic pane includes, on the inner side of the glazing unit, a transparent electrically conductive coating and, in an edge region thereof, a bus bar for the electrical connection of the conductive coating, wherein the bus bar is provided, at least over the greater part of its surface, with an opaque covering.

A glazing unit includes at least one first and second glass or plastic pane that are joined to one another at a predetermined distance via a spacer or a thermoplastic intermediate layer, wherein at least one of the first and second glass or plastic pane includes, on the inner side of the glazing unit, a transparent electrically conductive coating and, in an edge region thereof, a bus bar for the electrical connection of the conductive coating, wherein the bus bar is provided, at least over the greater part of its surface, with an opaque covering.

In one example, a crystal cell comprises: a first substrate, a second substrate, first spacers and second spacers sandwiched between the first substrate and the second substrate to define a gap between the first substrate and the second substrate, the first spacers being fixedly bonded to each of the first substrate and the second substrate, the second spacers being movable between the first and second substrates, a sealant sandwiched between the first substrate and the second substrate and enclosing the first spacers and the second spacers, and a liquid crystal enclosed by the sealant, the first substrate, and the second substrate. Examples of a dimmable glass incorporating liquid crystal cells and methods of manufacturing the liquid crystal cells are also provided.

A surface-modified glass that includes glass containing at least one multivalent metal ion; and a silicate film on a surface of the glass, the silicate film containing a multivalent metal ion in common with that of the glass.

An antenna unit for glass according to the present invention is installed on the indoor side of a glass sheet, and transmits and receives electromagnetic waves at the indoor side through the glass sheet.

In one example, a crystal cell comprises: a first substrate, a second substrate, first spacers and second spacers sandwiched between the first substrate and the second substrate to define a gap between the first substrate and the second substrate, the first spacers being fixedly bonded to each of the first substrate and the second substrate, the second spacers being movable between the first and second substrates, a sealant sandwiched between the first substrate and the second substrate and enclosing the first spacers and the second spacers, and a liquid crystal enclosed by the sealant, the first substrate, and the second substrate. Examples of a dimmable glass incorporating liquid crystal cells and methods of manufacturing the liquid crystal cells are also provided.