A surface coating material includes a first material and a second material having a different structure. The first material includes a linking group represented by *—(CF.sub.2).sub.nO—* between two terminal ends, where one terminal end is a trifluoroalkoxy group and another terminal end is a silane group. The second material includes an oxyalkylene group or a *—NH—* linking group between two terminal ends, where one terminal end is an alkoxy group or an amino group, and another terminal end is a silane group. The first material is included in the surface coating material in an amount of less than or equal to about 5 mol % relative to a total amount (100 mol %) of the first material and the second material in the surface coating material.

A process for delivering a radionuclide material is provided in which the radionuclide, such as holmium oxide, is coated on a glass microsphere. A coating, preferably a dipodal polysiloxane, is applied to the microsphere, which coating has an affinity for the radionuclide. The radionuclide material is milled to decrease agglomerations and then deposited onto the coating to form a radionuclide-coated microsphere. The radionuclide-coated microsphere provides metered delivery of the radionuclide material.

Nanostructured coating materials, methods of their production, and methods of use in a variety of applications are described. The nanostructured materials described herein include one or more 2.sup.+ and/or 3.sup.+ metal ion(s), optionally in a ternary phase, on a substrate.

Nanostructured coating materials, methods of their production, and methods of use in a variety of applications are described. The nanostructured materials described herein include one or more 2.sup.+ and/or 3.sup.+ metal ion(s), optionally in a ternary phase, on a substrate.

A method of coating a polyimide film and a method of fabricating a display panel are provided by the embodiments of the present invention. The method of coating a polyimide film includes providing a glass substrate and at least one nozzle; forming a nanomaterial filled graphic letterpress on the glass substrate, wherein the nanomaterial filled graphic letterpress is formed with a plurality of protrusions; and spraying a polyimide liquid on the nanomaterial filled graphic letterpress by the at least one nozzle to form a polyimide film.

A method of coating a polyimide film and a method of fabricating a display panel are provided by the embodiments of the present invention. The method of coating a polyimide film includes providing a glass substrate and at least one nozzle; forming a nanomaterial filled graphic letterpress on the glass substrate, wherein the nanomaterial filled graphic letterpress is formed with a plurality of protrusions; and spraying a polyimide liquid on the nanomaterial filled graphic letterpress by the at least one nozzle to form a polyimide film.

A glass substrate includes a pair of main surfaces including a first main surface and a second main surface opposed to the first main surface; an edge surface arranged along a direction orthogonal to the pair of main surfaces; and a connecting surface arranged between the first main surface and the edge surface. The connecting surface has a plurality of pores. A difference between a 50% particle diameter of the pores in a portion 20 μm distant from the first main surface and a 50% particle diameter in a portion 20 μm distant from the edge surface is 10 μm or less.

One or more aspects of the disclosure pertain to an article including a film disposed on a glass substrate, which may be strengthened, where the interface between the film and the glass substrate is modified, such that the article has an improved average flexural strength, and the film retains key functional properties for its application. Some key functional properties of the film include optical, electrical and/or mechanical properties. The bridging of a crack from one of the film or the glass substrate into the other of the film or the glass substrate can be suppressed by inserting a nanoporous crack mitigating layer between the glass substrate and the film.

One or more aspects of the disclosure pertain to an article including a film disposed on a glass substrate, which may be strengthened, where the interface between the film and the glass substrate is modified, such that the article has an improved average flexural strength, and the film retains key functional properties for its application. Some key functional properties of the film include optical, electrical and/or mechanical properties. The bridging of a crack from one of the film or the glass substrate into the other of the film or the glass substrate can be suppressed by inserting a nanoporous crack mitigating layer between the glass substrate and the film.

The present specification relates to a fluorene-based compound of Chemical Formula 1, a coating composition including the fluorene-based compound of Chemical Formula 1, an organic light emitting device using the same, and a manufacturing method thereof

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wherein X1 to X4, L1, L2, R1 to R6, Ar1, Ar2, m1, m2, and n1 to n6 are described herein.