A glass tube element is provided that includes hollow cylindrical section that has a shell enclosing a lumen and a path extending on a surface of the shell facing away from the lumen. The path extends across a first area of the shell where the stress values are within a first interval. The path also extends across a second area of the shell where the stress values are within a second interval.

A glass substrate formed from a glass composition is disclosed. In embodiments, the composition comprises: from 60 mol. % to 75 mol. % SiO.sub.2; from 2 mol. % to 15 mol. % Li.sub.2O; from 1.9 mol. % to 15 mol. % Y.sub.2O.sub.3; and at least one of B.sub.2O.sub.3 and Na.sub.2O. B.sub.2O.sub.3+Na.sub.2O is from 2 mol. % to 13 mol. %. Y.sub.2O.sub.3+Al.sub.2O.sub.3 is from 10 mol. % to 24 mol. %. A ratio R.sub.2O/Al.sub.2O.sub.3 is from 0.5 to 4, where R.sub.2O is a total concentration of Li.sub.2O, Na.sub.2O, K.sub.2O, Rb.sub.2O, and Cs.sub.2O. (R.sub.2O+RO)/Al.sub.2O.sub.3 is from 0.5 to 4.5, where RO is a total concentration of BeO, MgO, CaO, SrO, and BaO. The glass substrate has a Young's modulus from 75 gigapascals (GPa) to 110 GPa. The glass substrate is ion exchangeable to form a strengthened glass article.

A glass composition includes: 50 mol % to 69 mol % SiO.sub.2; 12.5 mol % to 25 mol % Al.sub.2O.sub.3; 0 mol % to 8 mol % B.sub.2O.sub.3; greater than 0 mol % to 4 mol % CaO; greater than 0 mol % to 17.5 mol % MgO; 0.5 mol % to 8 mol % Na.sub.2O; 0 mol % to 2.5 mol % La.sub.2O.sub.3; and greater than 8 mol % to 18 mol % Li.sub.2O, wherein (Li.sub.2O+Na.sub.2O+MgO)/Al.sub.2O.sub.3 is from 0.9 to less than 1.3; and Al.sub.2O.sub.3+MgO+Li.sub.2O+ZrO.sub.2+La.sub.2O.sub.3+Y.sub.2O.sub.3 is from greater than 23 mol % to less than 50 mol %. The glass composition may be characterized by at least one of the following: a K.sub.1C value measured by a chevron short bar method of at least 0.75; and a K.sub.1C value measured by a double torsion method of at least 0.8. The glass composition is chemically strengthenable. The glass composition may be used in a glass article or a consumer electronic product.

Embodiments of this disclosure pertain to a strengthened glass article including a first surface and a second surface opposing the first surface defining a thickness (t) of about less than about 1.1 mm, a compressive stress layer extending from the first surface to a depth of compression (DOC) of about 0.1.Math.t or greater, such that when the glass article fracture, it breaks into a plurality of fragments having an aspect ratio of about 5 or less. In some embodiments, the glass article exhibits an equibiaxial flexural strength of about 20 kgf or greater, after being abraded with 90-grit SiC particles at a pressure of 25 psi for 5 seconds. Devices incorporating the glass articles described herein and methods for making the same are also disclosed.

Methods for regenerating a salt bath composition include heating the salt bath composition to an ion exchange temperature to form a molten salt bath. The methods may further include contacting at least a portion of an ion-exchangeable article that includes lithium oxide (Li.sub.2O) with the molten salt bath. Lithium cations may diffuse from the ion-exchangeable article and into the molten salt bath. Additionally, the methods may include adding a first phosphate salt to the molten salt bath. A lithium phosphate salt that includes at least a portion of the lithium cations may be formed and precipitate from the molten salt bath. Furthermore, the methods may include adding a multivalent salt that includes a multivalent metal cation to the molten salt bath. A second phosphate salt that includes the multivalent metal cation may be formed and precipitate from the molten salt bath.

An article includes a glass ceramic that has an amorphous silicate glass phase and a crystalline phase including a species of MxWO3 with 0<x<1 and M an intercalated dopant cation. The article further includes an aperture configured to be formed via local heating of a portion of the glass ceramic to a temperature that is above the softening point of the glass ceramic. The aperture comprises constituents of the silicate glass phase and the crystalline phase but is substantially free of the species of MxWO3. A ratio of a transmittance of the aperture to a transmittance of the glass ceramic not subject to the local heating is at least 6,000 with transmittance measured in %/mm at wavelengths from 500 nm to 1100 nm.

An aqueous ion exchange strengthening method for strengthening a glass container is disclosed that includes a step of exposing a surface of a glass container to an aqueous ion exchange solution that comprises water and an alkali metal salt to coat the surface of the glass container with a coating of the aqueous ion exchange solution. The alkali metal of the alkali metal salt may be potassium, rubidium, caesium, or mixtures thereof. The aqueous ion exchange strengthening process also includes the step of heat treating the glass container in a heated environment having a temperature ranging from 125° C. to 600° C.

A foldable ultrathin glass article includes an ultrathin chemically-tempered foldable glass substrate having a thickness of approximately 100 microns or less and a compressive surface stress of at least 100 MPa. A single-layer hard coating is bonded to the first and/or second surface of the ultrathin tempered glass foldable substrate without an adhesive layer. The hard coating includes at least one silsesquioxane having a silicon-oxygen core framework directly bonded to the ultrathin tempered glass foldable substrate. The impact resistance defined by a maximum pen drop height without glass failure is at least four times greater than the ultrathin tempered glass foldable substrate without the hard coating. The hard coating has a surface hardness of at least 7H surface hardness and has a hydrophobic surface with a water contact angle of at least 100°. The coating has a transparency of at least 98 percent compared to uncoated substrates.

Disclosed herein are delamination resistant glass pharmaceutical containers which may include a glass body having a Class HGA1 hydrolytic resistance when tested according to the ISO 720:1985 testing standard. The glass body may have an interior surface and an exterior surface. The interior surface of the glass body does not comprise a boron-rich layer when the glass body is in an as-formed condition. A heat-tolerant coating may be bonded to at least a portion of the exterior surface of the glass body. The heat-tolerant coating may have a coefficient of friction of less than about 0.7 and is thermally stable at a temperature of at least 250° C. for 30 minutes.

The invention relates to a method for treating the wall of a glass container (1), which wall delimits a cavity (4) and an opening providing access to said cavity (4), the method comprising: the dispensing of a treatment substance into the cavity, using a dispensing means (12) of which a dispensing orifice (13) is positioned some distance from the opening of the container (1) and outside the latter, the container (1) being in motion relative to the dispensing means (12), and the capturing, by an image-capturing device (16), during the dispensing, of at least one image of a spatial region including the opening of the container (1) and determining, by analysing said image, whether or not a predetermined quantity of substance was introduced into the cavity (4) of the container (1). Method and installation for treating glass containers.