A glass composition includes greater than or equal to 60 mol % to less than or equal to 66 mol % SiO.sub.2, greater than or equal to 14 mol % to less than or equal to 16 mol % Al.sub.2O.sub.3, greater than or equal to 7 mol % to less than or equal to 9 mol % Li.sub.2O, greater than or equal to 4 mol % to less than or equal to 6 mol % Na.sub.2O, greater than or equal to 0.5 mol % to less than or equal to 3 mol % P.sub.2O.sub.5, greater than or equal to 0.5 mol % to less than or equal to 6 mol % B.sub.2O.sub.3; and greater than 0 mol % to less than or equal to 1 mol % TiO.sub.2. The glass composition may have a fracture toughness of greater than or equal 0.75 MPa√m. A glass composition includes SiO.sub.2, Al.sub.2O.sub.3, Li.sub.2O, Na.sub.2O, P.sub.2O.sub.5, and B.sub.2O.sub.3, wherein a molar ratio of Li.sub.2O/Na.sub.2O is greater than or equal to 1.2 to less than or equal to 2.0, the glass has a liquidus viscosity in the range from greater than or equal to 50 kP to less than or equal to 75 kP, and the glass has a K.sub.IC fracture toughness greater than or equal to 0.75 MPa.Math.m.sup.0.5. The glass composition is chemically strengthenable. The glass composition may be used in a glass-based article or a consumer electronic product.

A transparent article is described herein that includes: a glass-ceramic substrate comprising first and second primary surfaces opposing one another and a crystallinity of at least 40% by weight; and an optical film structure disposed on the first primary surface. The optical film structure comprises a plurality of alternating high refractive index (RI) and low RI layers and a scratch-resistant layer. The article also exhibits an average photopic transmittance of greater than 80% and a maximum hardness of greater than 10 GPa, as measured by a Berkovich Hardness Test over an indentation depth range from about 100 nm to about 500 nm. The glass-ceramic substrate comprises an elastic modulus of greater than 85 GPa and a fracture toughness of greater than 0.8 MPa.Math.√m. Further, the optical film structure exhibits a residual compressive stress of ≥700 MPa and an elastic modulus of ≥140 GPa.

Glass-based articles are provided that exhibit improved fracture resistance. The relationships between properties attributable to the glass composition and stress profile of the glass-based articles are provided that indicate improved fracture resistance.

A glass composition includes SiO.sub.2, Al.sub.2O.sub.3, optionally B.sub.2O.sub.3, optionally Li.sub.2O, Na.sub.2O, optionally K.sub.2O, optionally CaO, optionally MgO; and optionally ZnO in certain ranges. R.sub.2O+R′O is less than or equal to 25 mol %, where R.sub.2O is the sum of Li.sub.2O, Na.sub.2O, and K.sub.2O and R′O is the sum of CaO, MgO, and ZnO. And, the glass composition includes colorants, such as NiO, CO.sub.3O.sub.4, Cr.sub.2O.sub.3, CuO, and CeO.sub.2 in certain ranges. Further, the constituents are arranged so as to facilitate low diectric, high toughness, desired color, and high strength.

A glass-ceramic article having greater than or equal to 65.00 wt. % and less than or equal to 80.00 wt. % SiO.sub.2, greater than 4.00 wt. % and less than or equal to 12.00 wt. % Al.sub.2O.sub.3, greater than or equal to 0.10 wt. % and less than or equal to 3.5 wt. % P.sub.2O.sub.5, greater than or equal to 8.00 wt. % and less than or equal to 17.00 wt. % Li.sub.2O, greater than or equal to 4.00 wt. % and less than or equal to 15.00 wt. % ZrO.sub.2, and greater than or equal to 0.05 wt. % and less than or equal to 4.00 wt. % CaO.

A glass ceramic article including a lithium disilicate crystalline phase, a petalite crystalline phased, and a residual glass phase. The glass ceramic article has a warp (μm)<(3.65×10.sup.−9/μm×diagonal.sup.2) where diagonal is a diagonal measurement of the glass ceramic article in μm, a stress of less than 30 nm of retardation per mm of glass ceramic article thickness, a haze (%)<0.0994t+0.12 where t is the thickness of the glass ceramic article in mm, and an optical transmission (%)>0.91×10.sup.(2−0.03t) of electromagnetic radiation wavelengths from 450 nm to 800 nm, where t is the thickness of the glass ceramic article in mm.

An ion exchange tank is provided. The ion exchange tank includes a processing chamber and an additive chamber separated by a weir system, the weir system having a flow channel fluidly connecting the processing chamber to the additive chamber, wherein the flow is divided from the additive chamber by a first partition and divided from the processing chamber by a second partition, wherein the additive chamber comprises a solids-absorbing material disposed therein.

A glass-based article includes a first major surface and a first compressive stress region extending to a first depth of compression from the first major surface. The glass-based article includes a second major surface including a first surface portion and one or more edge surface portions recessed from the first surface portion. The glass-based article includes a second compressive stress region extending to a second depth of compression from the first surface portion. Additionally, methods of manufacturing a glass-based article are disclosed.

Glass-based articles having sections of different thicknesses where a maximum central tension in a thinner section is less than that of a thicker section. The articles comprise an alkali metal oxide having a independent nonzero concentrations that vary along at least a portion of the thickness of each section. Consumer electronic products may comprise the glass-based articles having sections of different thicknesses.

A glass composition includes: greater than or equal to 56 mol % to less than or equal to 70 mol % SiO.sub.2; greater than or equal to 12 mol % to less than or equal to 20 mol % Al.sub.2O.sub.3; greater than or equal to 0 mol % to less than or equal to 4 mol % P.sub.2O.sub.5; greater than or equal to 0 mol % to less than or equal to 8 mol % B.sub.2O.sub.3; greater than or equal to 6 mol % to less than or equal to 12 mol % Li.sub.2O; greater than or equal to 4 mol % to less than or equal to 12 mol % Na.sub.2O; greater than or equal to 0.4 mol % to less than or equal to 3 mol % K.sub.2O; greater than or equal to 2 mol % to less than or equal to 6 mol % MgO; greater than or equal to 0.25 mol % to less than or equal to 6 mol % CaO; greater than or equal to 0 mol % to less than or equal to 3 mol % SrO; greater than or equal to 0 mol % to less than or equal to 5 mol % ZnO; and greater than or equal to 0 mol % to less than or equal to 1 mol % ZrO.sub.2. The glass composition may have a fracture toughness of greater than or equal 0.75 MPa.Math.m.sup.0.5 and a Young's modulus of greater than or equal to 80 GPa. The glass composition is chemically strengthenable. The glass composition may be used in a glass-based article or a consumer electronic product.