A method of marking a glass-ceramic article includes the steps of: illuminating a glass-ceramic article with a beam from a laser, the glass-ceramic article having a thickness, T; and forming a mark in the glass-ceramic article while translating at least one of the glass-ceramic article or laser. The mark has a Contrast Ratio greater than 10. The step of forming a mark includes focusing the beam from the laser within the thickness, T, of the glass-ceramic article. The focusing of the beam results in alteration of a chemical property or a physical property of the glass-ceramic article. The mark produced by the beam from the laser extends through at least 50% of the thickness, T, of the glass-ceramic article. The glass-ceramic article may have a global temperature less than 100° C. during the marking process and does not fracture as the mark is formed.

The invention discloses a method and an apparatus for drying and cooling a glass substrate. The method comprises the steps described below. The method delivers the glass substrate cleaned by a cleaner into a baking oven by a first roller device. It dries the glass substrate using an infrared heating plate installed in the baking oven. It delivers the dried glass substrate into a cooling chamber by a second roller device. It cools the dried glass substrate using a cooling plate installed in the cooling chamber. And it delivers the cooled glass substrate onto a platform of an air floating type coater, and coating the glass substrate. This invention also discloses an apparatus corresponding to the method. According to the embodiments of the present invention, it is possible to reduce the number of foreign particles on the glass substrate before coating, and the drying effect is excellent.

A method and/or system is provided for detecting and/or identifying inclusions (e.g., nickel sulfide based inclusions/defects) in glass such as soda-lime-silica based float glass. In certain example instances, during and/or after the glass-making process, following the stage in the float process where the glass sheet is formed and floated on a molten material (e.g., tin bath) and cooled or allowed to cool such as via an annealing lehr, energy such as infrared (IR) energy is directed at the resulting glass and reflectance at various wavelengths is analyzed to detect inclusions.

Disclosed herein are glass compositions that present several advantages over glasses and other materials currently used for redistribution layers for RF, interposers, and similar applications. The glasses disclosed herein are low cost, flat glasses that have high throughput for the laser damage and etching process used to create through glass vias (TGV). TGV generated using the silicate glasses and processes described herein have large waist diameters (D.sub.w), which is a desirable feature with respect to producing glass articles such as interposers.

A technical object of the present invention is to devise a glass substrate that is suitable for supporting a substrate to be processed to be subjected to high-density wiring and enables correct recognition of production information and the like, and a laminate using the glass substrate. In order to achieve the technical object, the glass substrate of the present invention has a total thickness variation of less than 2.0 m and includes an information identification part formed of a plurality of dots.

A product is provided that includes a volume-colored monolithic glass or glass ceramic element and to a method for producing same. The glass or glass ceramic element has a first region in which the coloration is modified so that light transmission of the first region differs from light transmission of a second, adjacent region. The light scattering in the region of modified coloration in the glass or glass ceramic remains the same as light scattering in the second, adjacent region with non-modified light transmission.

The invention relates to a method for producing a monolithic form body, in particular a dental restoration, comprising the steps of: providing of a blank, producing of the form body through pressing and/or machining of the blank, and softening of the form body exclusively in its surface region by irradiation with infrared radiation.

A method and/or system is provided for detecting and/or identifying inclusions (e.g., nickel sulfide based inclusions/defects) in glass such as soda-lime-silica based float glass. In certain example instances, during and/or after the glass-making process, following the stage in the float process where the glass sheet is formed and floated on a molten material (e.g., tin bath) and cooled or allowed to cool such as via an annealing lehr, energy such as infrared (IR) energy is directed at the resulting glass and reflectance at various wavelengths is analyzed to detect inclusions.

A method and/or system is provided for detecting and/or identifying inclusions (e.g., nickel sulfide based inclusions/defects) in glass such as soda-lime-silica based float glass. In certain example instances, during and/or after the glass-making process, following the stage in the float process where the glass sheet is formed and floated on a molten material (e.g., tin bath) and cooled or allowed to cool such as via an annealing lehr, energy such as infrared (IR) energy is directed at the resulting glass and reflectance at various wavelengths is analyzed to detect inclusions.

Disclosed herein are glass compositions that present several advantages over glasses and other materials currently used for redistribution layers for RF, interposers, and similar applications. The glasses disclosed herein are low cost, flat glasses that have high throughput for the laser damage and etching process used to create through glass vias (TGV). TGV generated using the silicate glasses and processes described herein have large waist diameters (D.sub.w), which is a desirable feature with respect to producing glass articles such as interposers.